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Pl@ntBERT is a language-based AI model that learned the ‘syntax’ of plant assemblages, predicting likely species and inferring habitats by modelling biotic relationships.

It has been argued that air temperatures over mountain glaciers are decoupled from surrounding warming, which could slow down melting. Here the authors show that this effect will weaken with future glacier retreat, leading to a recoupling of temperatures from the 2030s onwards.

In this study, the authors determine the structure of a Type I-A retron from E. coli FORC82 and reveal the functional interplay between Reverse Transcriptases (RTs) and Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) ATPases.’

Ecosystems that provide fresh water for cities also impact sediment flows, flood mitigation and hydropower provision. This Article looks at over 300 cities globally to gauge the interactions of natural ecosystems with built infrastructure.

The authors model regional electricity grid coordination, which enables access to geographically dispersed resources. Results suggest grid integration can reduce planning uncertainty region-wide but may impact individual countries differently.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Integrating computational methods with brain-based data presents a path to precision psychiatry by capturing individual neurobiological variation, improving diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized care. This Viewpoint highlights advances in normative and foundation models, the importance of clinically grounded principles, and the role of robust measurement and interpretability in progressing mental health care.

Atomistic simulations are important for phase-change materials and devices. Here, the authors present fast and accurate machine-learned potentials, enabling full-cycle device-scale simulations and showcasing applications in studying memory and neuromorphic computing devices.

The authors develop a molecular dopant to avoid the dimerization of the electron-selective material phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester, resulting in enhanced stability and efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Distinguishing glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains challenging due to their overlapping pathology features. Here, the authors develop a computational tool, PICTURE, for differentiating similar pathological features enabling improved diagnosis of CNS tumours.

The performance of inverted perovskite solar cells has been limited by non-radiative recombination at the perovskite surfaces. Here, authors employ phosphonic acids and piperazinium chloride for homogeneous passivation, achieving certified efficiency of 28.9% for 60 cm² perovskite-silicon tandems.

Head motion is an artifact in structural and functional MRI signals, and some traits or groups are more strongly correlated with motion than others. Here the authors describe a method to attribute a motion impact score to specific trait-functional connectivity relationships.

The toxin-antitoxin pair MqsR and MqsA are linked to biofilm formation, quorum sensing and motility, but their specific role in these and other cellular processes is unclear. The demonstration that MqsA directly represses transcription of rpoS, encoding the master regulator of the stress response, provides a unifying explanation.

Critically lists tend to ignore the fact that most metals are largely used in alloy form. Here the authors analyze four key metrics and show that six critical metals can be singled out for enhanced concern – Dy, Sm, V, Nb, Te, and Ga.

CELLFIE, a CRISPR platform for optimizing cell-based immunotherapies, identifies gene knockouts that enhance CAR T cell efficacy using in vitro and in vivo screens.

iSCALE leverages histology and spatial transcriptomics to infer gene expression at super resolution in large tissues.

“How iodine-bearing molecules contribute to atmospheric aerosol formation is not well understood. Here, the authors provide a new gas-to-particle conversion mechanism and show that clustering of iodine oxides is an essential component of this process while previously proposed iodic acid does not play a large role.”

Using large cohorts from published clinical trials involving more than 8,000 patients with multiple sclerosis, a probabilistic machine learning model reconstructs the transition probabilities from data-derived diseases statuses, showing patterns that suggest how progression to severe stages occur and potential inversion of the process.

In this single-arm phase 2 trial in patients with HR⁺HER2⁻ advanced breast cancer, treatment with the HER3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate paritumab deruxtecan led to encouraging objective response rates, and comprehensive exploratory analyses indicate potential biomarkers of response.

The ability to sequence oligonucleotides which consist entirely of artificial bases will facilitate their ongoing development and use. Here authors demonstrate de novo nanopore sequencing of DNA oligomers composed of “P” “Z” “S” and “B” bases with high sequencing accuracy.

Climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000–2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed.

SemanticLens is a tool that embeds artificial intelligence model components (such as neurons) into a searchable, human-understandable space. This enables automated auditing, validation of decisions and detection of problematic behaviours with minimal human oversight.

Living organisms surpass robots in durability and adaptability. This Review explores animal and plant energy-saving strategies to inspire resilient, low-energy robots and emphasizes the cost of transport as a key metric in relation to the durability of various movement modalities.

The lack of stable and versatile bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl reagents hinders their broader adoption as aryl bioisosteres in drug discovery. Now, a stable, bifunctional iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentylmethyl thianthrenium (IBM-TT⁺) reagent is developed for modular bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane bioisostere production.

Structural analyses of antibody-virus complexes offer critical insights into immune recognition mechanisms. In this report, we present how a patient-derived IgG recognizes a quaternary epitope on EEEV particles through strictly bivalent interactions.

The second sound is an entropy oscillation propagating with constant pressure. Here the authors demonstrate the variation of the second sound wave in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid using 6Li.

Stojanov et al. updated and internally validated a prediction model for the occurrence of post-operative shoulder stiffness following primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in Switzerland. Their findings support the development of further prediction models for an evidence-based and individualized decision-making in orthopedics.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Electric vehicles are increasingly adopted in the USA, with concurrent expansion of charging infrastructure and electricity demand. This Review details these trends and discusses their drivers and broader implications.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Direct CO₂ conversion into high-value organic products faces significant selectivity challenges. This work presents a FeCo carbide-based tandem catalyst enabling high-efficiency, stable production of C2+ alcohols.

The authors summarize changes in circuits after spinal cord injury and current strategies to target these circuits in order to improve recovery, but also advocate for new concepts of reorganizing circuits informed by multi-omic single-cell atlases.

Antimicrobial resistance has evolved over decades due to widespread antimicrobial use, with resistance genes now circulating across humans, animals and the environment, creating complex cross-sector connectivity challenges. This Perspective advocates for genomics-based studies of AMR connectivity to enable coordinated global action and investment under the One Health framework.

Machine-learning algorithms trained on 25,000 geolocated soil samples are used to create high-resolution global maps of mycorrhizal fungi, revealing that less than 10% of their biodiversity hotspots are in protected areas.

Spatial relationships between clustered proteins within synapses shape neurotransmission. Here, NMDA receptors are shown to align with only a subset of presynaptic release sites, suggesting a structural mechanism controls NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission.

Children can learn language from very little experience, and explaining this ability has been a major challenge in cognitive science. Here, the authors combine the flexible representations of neural networks with the structured learning biases of Bayesian models to help explain rapid language learning.

A new model merges behavioural science and machine learning to predict choice under risk and uncertainty. Tested on multiple large datasets, it outperforms top psychological and AI models, enabling accurate, interpretable forecasts of human decisions.

Joint initiatives by state and non-state actors launched at climate summits are expected to enhance climate governance. However, those launched at earlier summits often perform better, as do initiatives in areas such as transport, energy and industry and ones with robust institutional arrangements.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Schrecker, Son and colleagues identify the accessory subunits transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) and TMEM9B for chloride transporters ClC-3, ClC-4 and ClC-5 and establish the roles of TMEM9 and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate in the regulation of ClC-3 activity and endosomal ion homeostasis.

An industry-compatible disorder-to-disorder synthesis produces wafer-scale, ultraclean monolayer amorphous carbon in seconds that can be used as a membrane for generating high-precision proton beams.

This study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated brain ageing in UK adults, even without infection. The effect was stronger in older individuals, in men, and those from deprived backgrounds. Cognitive decline was seen only in those infected.

The number of ligand binding sites in the dopamine transporter is enigmatic due to conflicting data from structures and molecular pharmacology. Here, force spectra reveal the position and dynamics of a previously invisible transient site.

The authors show that mitochondria can chronically hyperpolarize under normal or disease conditions and be induced by environmental exposures. This triggers phospholipid remodeling, which in turn affects the epigenome to regulate transcription.

The Surface Water Ocean Topography mission observed week-long earth-shaking waves formed by landslide-induced tsunamis in an East Greenland fjord. Connecting these observations with seismic data confirms their existence and initial characteristics.

Rickettsia species are bacterial pathogens that obligately reside in the host cell cytosol. Here, Sun et al. report that Rickettsia use host glutathione as a nutrient source that enables bacterial cell division and innate immune evasion.