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Low temperature is a major factor limiting productivity in rice. Here the authors show that theCTB4a gene confers cold tolerance to japonicavarieties adapted to cold habitats at the booting stage of development, and propose that CTB4a acts via an interaction with the beta subunit of ATP synthase.

Structural and functional understanding of the afferent inputs to histaminergic neurons remains incomplete and lacks systematic characterization. Herein, the authors establish a comprehensive and precise whole-brain atlas of long-range inputs to mouse histaminergic neurons and investigate the representative upstream histaminergic neural circuits in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

Authors report a direct ink writing strategy to create transparent polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels from gel inks with desired rheology, using acid-base dual modulators to achieve “activation–retardation” of polycondensation reaction.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of female infertility linked to metabolic and hormonal imbalances. Here, the authors show that androgen driven SLC1A5 upregulation increases glutamine uptake, leading to abnormal follicular development in PCOS via histone deacetylation.

Pancreatic cancer detection can be challenging, and is often diagnosed at a late stage. Here, the authors present a cfDNA-based liquid biopsy model that enables early detection and prognosis prediction of pancreatic cancer.

The commercialization of organic solar cells has been hindered by the limited device stability. Here, authors show that the connectivity of electron transport network is a key factor determining electron transport and device stability, with polymeric acceptors likely to establish such a network.

By utilizing an AI-accelerated silicon photonic slow-light technology, researchers demonstrate a record 400 Gbps/λ PAM-4 transmission based on pure silicon modulators, paving the way for next-generation optical interconnects in computing centers.

Spin-waves have a variety of advantages for information processing, and here, Chen, Xu and coauthors demonstrate the deterministic switching of antiferromagnetic spin textures using non-linear spin-waves. The switching process is progressive, mirroring weighted sum operations in neuromorphic computing.

The regulation of perovskite crystallization is essential for achieving efficient solar cells. Here, authors introduce K₂SnO₃ to induce formation of KI and PbSnO₃ with an ABX₃ structure to enhance film uniformity, achieving efficiency of 28.81% for four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Intracellular copper concentration has been linked to cell proliferation. Here, the authors demonstrate that copper binding to both Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CCNB1 is essential for activating CDK1 and promoting the G2/M transition in the cell cycle.

This study presents an ultradeep analysis of the N-glycoproteome in mouse tissues, establishing the largest dataset to date. The resource enhances AI models for glycopeptide prediction, provides insights into tissue-specific glycosylation patterns, and reveals distinct pathological signatures in neurodegenerative diseases. To facilitate access to mouse and human N-glycoproteome, the authors establish a comprehensive database resource N-GlycoMiner.

A machine learning approach using long-term observations of eddy covariance finds that the increase in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency under higher CO₂ levels, across diverse ecosystems, is driven primarily by reduction in canopy conductance, rather than by stimulation of gross primary productivity.

Low-loss superconducting aluminium cables and on-chip impedance transformers can be used to link qubit modules and create superconducting quantum computing networks with high-fidelity intermodule state transfer.

Due to high bond dissociation energies of C(sp2)–F bonds, using fluorinated compounds in C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling is difficult. Here the authors report a protocol for enantioselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling of dienyl fluorides with aldimine esters, enabled by synergistic copper and palladium catalysis.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

The mechanism of lipoprotein sorting to the bacterial cell surface is still unclear. Here, authors determine the crystal structures of paLptDE-LptM and apo-paLptDE, providing insights into how SLPs are transported to the cell surface via LptDE.

Glioma is a complex disease, and prognosis can depend on clinical, genomic and radiological information. Here, the authors develop a multimodal fusion subtyping model to integrate data modalities for predicting glioma subtypes.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Determining glioma types directly from whole-slide images (WSIs) would be of great diagnostic utility. Here, the authors develop a deep learning model to identify diffuse glioma types from WSIs according to the 2021 WHO classification across multiple cohorts and with interpretable features.

Xu, Yu, Zhang, Ma, He and colleagues show that SHP-1 inhibition causes increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through PFKP in leukaemia stem cells, thereby promoting immunosurveillance and chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukaemia.

[n]Peri-acenes have attracted interest as promising candidates for nanoelectronics and spintronics but the synthesis of large (n > 4) [n]peri-acenes is extremely challenging due to their intrinsic open-shell radical character and high reactivity. Herein, the authors report the synthesis and isolation of a derivative of peri-hexacene in crystalline form.

O3-type sodium anion-redox cathodes show promise but are hard to synthesize due to unclear mechanisms. Here, authors elucidate the role of oxygen conditions, enabling O3-Na[Li_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂ synthesis and developing Ti-substituted with capacities >190 mAh·g^-1.

Flaviviruses strategically utilize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in their replication cycles, but the role of ER-phagy in viral replication process remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show Zika virus targets key ER-phagy receptor to inhibit ER-phagy process and physiologically elucidate the basic mechanisms and viral pathogenicity by regulating ER-phagy.

Current brain-targeted delivery strategies using orthosteric sites of receptors is highly susceptible to cross-reactions limiting efficiency. Here, the authors report on the allosteric targeting of receptors to avoid this and demonstrate application in drug delivery across the blood brain barrier.

Material implementation of machine learning algorithms for advanced computing at cryogenic temperature remains rare. Here, the authors report a cryogenic in-memory computing platform using chiral edge states of magnetic topological insulators.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals that 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid released from macrophages via gasdermin G pores has a key role in promoting fibroblast growth factor-dependent muscle regeneration following injury.

Mitochondrial DNA or retrotransposon cDNA released into the cytoplasm is degraded to prevent sterile inflammation. In this study, the authors demonstrate that nucleolytic degradation of these DNA species in a yeast model organism prevents their transfer to the nucleus and genome instability.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Two-photon upconversion of 2D exciton was enhanced by 2440-fold in doubly-resonant nanocavity due to combined field localization and Purcell effect.

Reaching the depths of the respiratory tract is hard even with vapor-based drug delivery. Here, the authors devise inhalable biohybrid microrobots that, thanks to their motility, reach deeper regions of the lungs.

Potassium channels and membrane potential may influence macrophage function during inflammation. Here the authors show that the Kir2.1 potassium channel affects macrophage metabolism by altering cell surface retention of nutrient transporters and subsequently regulates inflammatory disease responses.

Macrophages play a key role in atherosclerosis through lipid uptake and inflammation. Here, the authors show that RNF128 promotes atherosclerosis by stabilizing scavenger receptor B1 (SRB1) via polyubiquitination, enhancing foam cell formation and inflammation, while its ablation reduces plaque formation in hyperlipidemic mice.

A proteogenomic profiling analysis of single cells from the blood and lymph nodes of individuals living with HIV-1 reveals that CD4⁺ memory T cells harbouring intact provirus show signatures associated with resistance to immune-mediated killing and cell survival.

An efficient molecular nanojunction photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution is identified from a combinatorial molecular library, assisted by a materials acceleration platform, which is then scaled-up to the litre scale using flow synthesis.

A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents have shown some activity in patients with late-stage gastric cancer. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD1 (camrelizumab), antiangiogenic agent (apatinib), and chemotherapy (S-1 ± Oxaliplatin) in stage T4a/bN + M0 gastric cancer patients.

Nanosizing covalent organic frameworks using surfactants provides greatly improved water dispersibility and light-harvesting properties, leading to dramatically enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. Here the authors observe a reverse concentration-dependent photocatalytic phenomeno, whereby a higher photocatalytic activity is found at a lower catalyst concentration.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) has been shown to be involved in autoimmunity but it is not clear how it functions in psoriasis. Here the authors show that CaMK4 is increased in psoriasis and promotes inflammatory responses in mouse models of psoriasis mediated through macrophages and keratinocytes.

Despite essential roles in adult nervous systems, how heteromeric Cys-loop receptors work is unclear in the absence of an open state structure. Here, the authors report closed/open state structures and functional experiments, detailing an asymmetric gating mechanism driven by differing contributions from each subunit type.