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Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

Solar-driven production of H₂O₂ and chemicals from O₂ and biomass is promising but hindered by inefficient photocatalysts. Here, the authors report composite photocatalysts of atomically dispersed Ta sites for broad-spectrum light absorption and selective biomass conversion in a three-phase system.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

It is challenging to design machine learning potentials for heterogeneous catalysis that are universal, reactive and have high accuracy. Now, an element-based machine learning potential relying on a random exploration via an imaginary chemicals optimization sampling strategy is put forward, and is successfully demonstrated for a range of applications.

Modern communication networks must balance efficiency with user privacy. Here, authors develop a privacy-preserving interpretable Bayesian framework that enables network optimization using only aggregated data, without compromising individual user information.

A tunable magnetic nanochains platform (EVGpro) enables tandem enrichment, proteomic, and N-glycoproteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from ultratrace biofluids. EVGpro identifies N-glycoprotein signatures and two asthenozoospermia subtypes.

A general stereospecific glycosylation is developed that is applicable across a range of monosaccharides. A directing-group-on-leaving-group strategy allows mild donor activation and enables the complete inversion of anomeric configuration with excellent yields. This method can be applied in multistep oligosaccharide syntheses and automated glycan assembly.

Commercial lithium-ion batteries still have the issue of the uncontrollable dendritic Li under extreme conditions. Here, authors demonstrate a MXene-configured graphite, enabling homogeneous growth of Li, achieving high-capacity retentions in Ah-level pouch cell at −20 °C and high rates.

Across 97% of forest area from eight million sampled forested locations worldwide, the density of aboveground biomass is lower near forest edges than in forest interiors. Given widespread forest fragmentation, this edge effect is estimated to be responsible for 9% reduction in forest aboveground biomass.

Natural variation of the F-box protein ZmFBL41 in maize confers resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal fungus for banded leaf and sheath blight in maize, through decreased interaction of ZmFBL41 with the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase ZmCAD.

The role of the tumour microenvironment in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma remains poorly understood. Here, single cell profiling of metastatic melanoma samples identifies associations of the mature dendritic enriched in immunoregulatory molecules subtype with immunotherapy response.

In this study, Yang et al. compile a global dataset to uncover the degree to which plants coordinate root and seed traits. They report a global positive correlation between root diameter and seed size, driven by dual roles of arbuscular mycorrhiza in phosphorus uptake and pathogen defence.

The authors achieve high energy storage performance with near-ideal energy conversion efficiency and outstanding temperature stability in the entropy-stabilized ferroelectric ceramics by constructing a temperature-adaptive multiphase coexistence structure.

A fresh approach to protein design that incorporates excited intermediate states enables precise control over the lifetime of protein interactions, with potential applications in cell-signalling modulation and in biosensors and synthetic circuits.

Gallium is used as a sacrificial agent and mixing medium for the isothermal solidification synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials with diverse crystallinities and morphologies.

Here the authors use a range of approaches to examine the interplay between genetic variants linked to risk for polygenic skin diseases and transcription factors (TFs) important for skin homeostasis. The findings implicate dysregulated binding of specific TF families in risk for diverse skin diseases.

Enhanced polyamine depletion in neuroblastoma models decreases translation of mRNA codons with adenosine in the third position, reprogramming the tumour proteome away from cell cycle progression and towards differentiation.

An electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique based on ammonia solution is introduced for separating van der Waals thin-film materials from their substrates, demonstrating suitability for its use in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry.

The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of sulfinimidate esters remains a formidable challenge in organic chemistry. Here the authors report an enantioselective oxidative esterification of sulfenamides to form sulfinimidate esters by using anionic stereogenic-at-Co(III) complexes as catalysts.

Polymer dielectrics are key for capacitors in energy applications but are hard to improve for high temperatures. This work uses artificial intelligence to design fillers with a large bandgap and high affinity, enabling durable, high-energy polyimide composites for harsh environments.

The efficiency of a quantum computer depends on which basic operations it can implement. Now a scheme that can implement any two-qubit logic gate has been demonstrated on a superconducting architecture.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

Ferromagnetic soft continuums (FSCs) can navigate within confined biological spaces but are limited in complex designs due to their small size. Here, authors develop submillimeter-scale FSCs that can actively divide and reconfigure into flexible shapes, enhancing in situ adaptability for biomedical applications.

Membraneless organelles formed by liquid–liquid phase separation regulate cellular processes. Here Bai et al. show that mitochondria-associated translation organelles (MATOs) consisting of RNA-binding proteins and translation machinery mediate localized synthesis of mitochondrial proteins to promote mitochondrial health and extend lifespan in worms.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a versatile class of clinically approved drug delivery vehicles, particularly for nucleic acid cargoes, but they often suffer from instability issues. Here, the authors report that the room temperature stability of small interfering RNA LNPs formulated with unsaturated ionizable lipids can be improved by inclusion of mildly acidic, antioxidant-containing buffers.

A thin-film engineering method is employed to preserve high pressure solids in diamond capsules at ambient conditions, enabling tunable preserved pressures, controllable particle size, atomic-scale characterization, and potential large-scale uses.

A soft, stretchable and freely movable fibre sensor called NeuroWorm, inspired by earthworms and that can be magnetically steered through soft tissue, is described as a new platform for dynamic bioelectrical and biomechanical monitoring.

This meta-analysis finds that planting nitrogen-fixing species increases soil carbon compared with non-nitrogen-fixing species. Using nitrogen-fixing species for forestation, agriculture and land regeneration might therefore offer a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change.

Two-qubit operations exceeding 99% fidelity have been demonstrated by silicon devices made with standard semiconductor tooling in a 300-mm foundry environment.

Data islands in chemical domain pose a barrier to leveraging AI for synthesis design. Here, authors present a chemical knowledge-informed AI method enabling organisations to collaboratively train retrosynthesis models without sharing raw data.

Polyamide membranes are widely used for organic solvent nanofiltration, though conventional membranes suffer limited permeability for non-polar solvents. Here the authors incorporate a non-planar amine monomer with diphenyl ether moiety during polymerization to optimize nonpolar solvent permeability.

The intrinsic robustness to perturbations makes antiferromagnets ideal building blocks for spintronic devices, however, it also manipulation and detection of antiferromagnetic ordering difficult. Here, Xu et al demonstrate an anisotropic tunnelling magnetoresistance in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction.

Integrated scanning probe techniques in combination with first-principles theory unveil the crystallization of electron polarons into quasi-one-dimensional polaron superlattices in individual polypentacene molecules.

Zaman, Yang and Huang et al. demonstrate MDK’s suppressive effect on amyloid-β and its impact on amyloid burden and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease mice, highlighting its protective role in pathogenesis.

The electrosynthesis of amino acids is hindered by inefficient oxime intermediate conversion. Here, a relayed electron transfer mechanism is proposed using an ionic-liquid@Bi catalyst. Electrons are accepted by the ionic liquid to generate related radicals, which then transfer electrons to oxime, enabling efficient amino acid production.

Despite the extensive use and policy influence of meta-analyses on organochlorine pesticides, this study reveals that aspects of a large number of meta-analyses require methodological improvement.

Genetic mutations causing hereditary deafness, including autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness 15 (DFNA15), currently have no effective treatment. Here, authors establish a Pou4f3^WT/Q113* mutant mouse model and engineer and deliver an adenine base editor for near-complete hearing recovery.

Cross-linkable co-SAMs improve hole-selective SAM stability, preventing defects and thermal degredation in perovskite solar cells, enabling 26.92% efficiency with high heat durability, and guiding the design of more efficient and durable solar cells.

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are widely used for seawater desalination. Here the authors apply plasmonic nanoheating integrated interfacial polymerization to create RO membranes that can remove a wide spectrum of contaminants in water in addition to efficient desalination.

Here, the authors develop a microneedle system that converts 5-ALA photodynamic byproducts into therapeutic fuel, enhancing ferroptosis and improving hypertrophic scar treatment.

The use of bulky protein tags and the limited positions available for probe introduction restrict current methods for studying protein microenvironments at high spatial resolution. Here the authors genetically incorporate small environment-sensitive fluorescent amino acids to visualize real-time microenvironmental changes at specific protein substructures.

Nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is linked with depression in a human cohort and shown in a mouse model to cause decreased serotonin and dopamine in the brain.

Oxaloacetate is sensed by MDH1, which primes innate immune antiviral defence against influenza virus infection, thus resulting in the activation of ETS2 to promote TBK1-centred type I interferon signalling.

Dimensional regulation of 2D perovskites remains challenging due to progressive phase transitions in solution-based processes. Now a non-invasive surface reaction strategy enables the formation of phase-pure 2D perovskite contact layers, boosting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells and modules.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Diamond, a statistically rigorous method, is capable of finding meaningful feature interactions within machine learning models, making black-box models more interpretable for science and medicine.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.