Articles in 2025

We are witnessing a worldwide resurgence in vaccine-preventable neurological diseases owing to gaps in vaccination coverage caused by multiple factors, including vaccine hesitancy and geopolitical conflicts. This Review highlights ongoing challenges to controlling vaccine-preventable neurological diseases such as measles, poliomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis and meningitis and considers how collaborative global strategies can facilitate effective immunization policies.

Loss of TDP43 from the nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontemporal dementia leads to changes in polyadenylation that alter mRNA processing, according to new research.

Recent research indicates that the brain-first and body-first subtypes of Parkinson disease can be distinguished by patterns of cutaneous α-synuclein deposition.

A new study indicates that physical activity reduces cognitive decline, possibly through attenuation of tau accumulation in the brain.

A drug that targets lysosomal damage could boost the effects of gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, according to new research.

Emerging evidence suggests that a better understanding of the heterogeneity in symptoms and survival among people with glioma requires a network-based approach. This Review describes three major types of network scaffolds relevant in glioma — symptom networks, the connectome and tumour biology networks — and explores the interactions between each scaffold.

Cognitive impairment is one of a range of non-motor symptoms that people with Parkinson disease (PD) can experience in addition to the hallmark motor symptoms of the disease. In this Review, Oikonomou et al. outline the epidemiology and natural history of cognitive decline in PD and related disorders, and discuss the key underlying pathophysiological factors and mechanisms.

Growing evidence indicates important roles for microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer disease. This Review summarizes the latest insights into the mechanisms by which microglial phagocytosis can affect Alzheimer disease pathology and how this process might be harnessed for therapeutic interventions.

Multiple sclerosis is among the most common causes of disability in the young and its prevention is a feasible, albeit ambitious, goal. In this Perspective, Dobson et al. discuss the challenges in developing and testing preventive interventions in MS and propose strategies and solutions.

Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements are increasingly recognized as risk factors for stroke and other cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and vice versa. This Review explores the shared pathophysiological mechanisms that could underly this bidirectional relationship.

Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with Victor Rivera from Baylor College of Medicine about his work to address disparities in multiple sclerosis care in Latin American and other populations.

This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America and how they might be influenced by genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors that are unique to this region. The authors also describe diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and current approaches to MS treatment and management in Latin American countries.

Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic modifiers, mostly DNA repair genes, that significantly influence the onset and progression of Huntington disease, pointing to somatic CAG repeat expansions as a key pathological driver. Here, Tabrizi and colleagues review the evidence for this paradigm and discuss the potential for therapeutic interventions.

Developmental trajectories and genetic architectures differ between inidividuals with autism who are diagnosed early or later in life, new research has shown.

Lipids derived from extracellular vesicles in adipose tissue from people with obesity can promote amyloid-β aggregation, according to new research.

PET imaging of synaptic vesicle protein 2A could enable visualization of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis, new work has shown.

The C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion that causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compromises microglial function, new research has shown.

Serial analysis of glioblastoma tissue during treatment can help to reveal and monitor treatment responses, according to a new study.

Advances in biomarkers, blood tests and disease-modifying therapies have created a credible path to clinical prevention of Alzheimer disease (AD). In this Perspective, the authors discuss promising approaches to the prevention of AD and highlight strategic gaps.

We are celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Neurology with our November 2025 issue. On reaching this milestone, we have refined and renewed our mission, and we continue to evolve the journal to support the translation of research into real-world benefits.