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Pacific salmon transport of nutrients and contaminants to freshwaters increased by 30% and 20%, respectively, between 1976 and 2015, an increase dominated by pink salmon, which had the highest nutrient-to-contaminant ratios.

A soil history of constant oxygen exposure enhances N₂O reduction rates under anoxia compared to a history of long or short anoxic pulses, highlighting the importance of knowing the oxygen legacy of a soil for accurate N₂O emission predictions.

Lifetime-encoded materials are attractive as optical markers. Here, the authors report a design strategy for true orthogonality in encoding based on heterometallic rare-earth MOFs with independently variable lifetime and composition.

Inherent limitations on continuously measured quantum systems calls into question whether they could even in principle be used for online learning. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate a quantum machine learning framework for inference on streaming data of arbitrary length, and provide a theory with criteria for the utility of their algorithm for inference on streaming data.

Mode-locking of lasers can be understood as self-organization, and the three-dimensional case of spatiotemporal mode-locking can described using attractor dissection theory, which helps develop an intuition for this complex case.

The REX element is associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions.

Temporal variability of structural-functional coupling (SFC) remains poorly understood. Here, authors show such variability is underpinned by specific transcriptomic and chemoarchitectural signatures, thereby supporting neurocognitive specialization.

Lowry et al. use embryonic motor neuron selector transcription factors to partially rejuvenate the gene expression profile of mature neurons, making them more resistant to an ALS model without compromising their normal function.

Temporal higher-order interactions are prevalent in real systems, yet the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. This article provides a potential explanation for the spontaneous emergence of such interactions, by considering collaborative effects between pairwise interactions.

There are a number of non-trivial integrable models in one-dimension, making them an attractive starting point for studying quantum dynamics. Biella et al. study transport between two semi-infinite solvable models and show that a slowly-relaxing region forms around the integrability-breaking junction.

Graviton modes are long-wavelength neutral collective excitations of fractional quantum Hall fluids that are analogous to gravitons. Here the authors develop a microscopic theory of multiple graviton modes and show that they are associated with geometric fluctuations of hierarchical conformal Hilbert subspaces.

All-solid-state batteries face complex chemo-mechanical degradation. Here, authors reveal how interfacial chemical reactions in Ni-rich oxides govern reaction dynamics and microstructural changes and unveil that coatings enhance uniformity and durability.

PARP inhibitors, either alone or in combination with bevacizumab, have regulatory approval as maintenance therapy following response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Here this group reports SOLACE2 trial investigating whether combining olaparib with low dose cyclophosphamide treatment improves progression-free survival, comparing to olaparib monotherapy alone, in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

The dynamical phases of out-of-equilibrium Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductors have been simulated using cold atoms levitated inside an optical cavity.

Superconductivity is studied in the molecular solid K₃C₆₀ when it is pressurized and illuminated with short laser pulses. Similarities with the non-illuminated case show that superconductivity exists at higher temperatures than previously thought.

Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission emitted from a bright quantum dot device are revealed, facilitating the creation of entangled photons with near-unity fidelity.

Trotter product formulas are a standard way to approximate time dynamics of quantum systems. Here, the authors propose an improved version of Trotter-based time-dynamics simulation algorithms that is well suited for Hamiltonians with two distinct energy scales.

Robust estimates of either urban expansion worldwide or the effects of such phenomenon on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) are lacking. Here the authors used the new dataset of global land use to show that the global urban areas expanded largely between 2000 and 2010, which in turn reduced terrestrial NPP globally.

Cathodes for Li-ion batteries operate mainly via an insertion–deinsertion redox process involving cationic species but this mechanism does not account for the high capacities displayed by Li-rich layered oxides. The reactivity of high-capacity Li₂Ru_1−ySn_yO₃ materials is now shown to be associated with a reversible redox process related to a reductive coupling mechanism.

Membrane-less electrochemical systems eliminate the need for costly ion-exchange membranes, but typically suffer from low-power densities. Braff et al.propose a hydrogen bromine laminar flow battery, which rivals the performance of the best membrane-based systems.

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) can interfere with virus replication and provide a potential approach to control infection. Here, Rezelj et al. use a combined experimental evolution and computational approach to identify DVG sequences that optimally interfere with Zika virus infection and show antiviral activity in mice and mosquitoes.

Here the authors screen a saturation mutagenesis library of the disordered N-terminal tail of the actin severing protein cofilin. Their results reveal how a key phosphorylation site can balance competing sequence constraints on function and regulation.

Many organisms, including moths, use pheromones to attract mates. A study using multiple genomic tools and gene editing identifies a new, neuronal gene underlying mate preference and shows that signal and response loci are in linkage disequilibrium despite being physically unlinked.

A three-dimensional tin halide perovskite can be stabilized by incorporating methylammonium chloride into the perovskite structure and used to create p-type thin-film transistors with a hole mobility of over 80 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.

The authors present a strategy to construct dynamic biomolecular landscapes. Here, they derive a quantitative description of the distribution timescales and amplitudes of reorientational motion of POPC membranes from the combination of NMR relaxation data and frame analysis of MD simulations.

Micro-sized silicon are promising anode materials due to low-cost and high-energy, yet their application is hindered by inaccessible electrolytes. Here, the authors report sulfolane-based electrolytes that form silicon-phobic interphases and enable high-voltage pouch cells to achieve superior cycle life.

Synaptic inputs on neuronal dendrites exhibit remarkable organization at different spatial scales, which emerges during the early postnatal development. Kirchner and Gjorgjieva propose a biophysically motivated computational model to explain the different types of organization in mouse and ferret.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

Results of an early-phase breast cancer prevention trial demonstrate the potential for breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women with anti-progestin therapy by inducing epithelial–stromal remodelling and suppression of luminal progenitors.

AKT inhibitors synergize with agents that suppress the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and promote robust tumour regression in multiple triple-negative breast cancer models in vivo by triggering an involution-like process.

Chaos causes interacting particles to rapidly thermalize and lose memory of their past. Here, the authors show that, despite thermalization, genuine quantum scarring can imprint structure and long-lived memory effects in the many-body wavefunction.

Diffusion models excel at molecular generation. Here, authors present SiMGen, a complementary local similarity-based approach. SiMGen offers more control over the generation process and can guide existing models to generate specific fragments.

The early postnatal roles of dendrite-targeting interneurons in primary visual cortex (V1) remain elusive. Here, the authors find that somatostatin interneurons in mouse V1 exhibit a uniquely delayed developmental trajectory for innervation and sensory responses, highlighting a window for the emergence of a key mechanism for normalization in cortical circuits.