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The phase 2/3 DEVOTE trial demonstrated that high-dose nusinersen significantly improved motor function and was safe in patients with spinal muscular atrophy, compared with a matched sham control.

Sepsis causes endothelial dysfunction that drives vascular failure and organ injury. Here the authors show that neutralizing truncated procalcitonin reduced pro-inflammatory activation and leakage in the endothelium, resulting in preserved organ integrity, improved clinical outcomes and predicted survival in septic mice.

The phase 3 STEER trial showed that a single intrathecal dose of onasemnogene abeparvovec significantly improved motor function in children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy versus sham, with a similar and acceptable safety profile.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

An implantable vagus nerve-targeted device safely reduces disease activity and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, offering a new nondrug treatment for patients who do not respond to or cannot tolerate medication.

T cell immunity declines with thymic atrophy, but thymic cell grafts rescue T cell function.

Oxycodone withdrawal triggered distinct transcriptomic changes in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in mice with and without chronic pain, with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) as a common upstream regulator. A novel HDAC1/HDAC2 inhibitor reduced behavioral manifestations of oxycodone withdrawal.

Currently, there is no licensed vaccine for Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. Here, the authors evaluate the efficacy and safety of an outer-membrane vesicle vaccine in macaques and demonstrate that it prevents lung pathology.

Here, the authors combine brain imaging and non-invasive stimulation to show that attention and working memory are dissociable processes, with inhibitory control in the supramarginal gyrus gating what attended information reaches memory.

The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify predictors of placebo response in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for depression.

Mitochondrial damage is a central pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study develops a bioengineered nanolamellar system to sequentially restore neuronal cell mitochondrial function and modulate microglial polarization to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Sepsis induces a period of immunosuppression which can be problematic in the face of subsequent infectious challenge. Here the authors show the presence of PD-L1 expressing regulatory plasma cells that can inhibit T cells in a murine model and in patients with sepsis.

The chimeric candidate Zika virus vaccine YF-ZIK has been previously shown to confer protection in mice after a single dose regimen. Here the authors further characterise the response to YF-ZIK and show induction of immunity and protection in non-human primates.

To reveal cellular mechanisms of cognitive decline after stroke the authors established an experimental paradigm in mice monitoring individual nerve cells involved in spatial memory in health and disease allowing to identify functional biomarkers.

Angiogenesis following myocardial infarction is impaired in diabetes. Here the authors show that lactylation of IDH2 at lysine 272 promotes endothelial eNOS activation and angiogenesis, and enhancing this modification improved recovery in diabetic myocardial infarction.

Coagulation factor VIII deficiency in hemophilia A disrupts clotting and prolongs bleeding. Here, the authors show that vagus nerve stimulation bypasses this defect and improves hemostasis in hemophilia A mice through a mechanism requiring acetylcholine-secreting ChAT⁺ T lymphocytes in spleen and α7nAChR on circulating platelets.

Con artists are stealing the identities of real journals to cheat scientists out of publishing fees.

Chan et al. generate a high-resolution spatiotemporal atlas of healing hearts and reveal cellular networks of lesion repair, including macrophage–fibroblast interactions that control late-stage fibrosis and immune niches that induce cardiomyocyte de-differentiation.

Tuz et al. report that stroke and myocardial infarction induce the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), triggering the loss of B cells and a decrease in immunoglobulin A secretion, and that inhibition of NETs prevents the loss of immunoglobulin A in mice and in patients with stroke.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

Cardiovascular function declines with age. In this study, the authors show that the BAT-derived lipokine 12,13-diHOME preserves cardiac function in aged mice by attenuating pathological CaMKII activity.

Synovitis is a key early driver of osteoarthritis (OA), and RANKL contributes to cartilage degradation in OA. Here the authors show that denosumab, an anti-RNKL antibody, reduces synovitis and delays OA progression in animal models and patients.

The authors used a multi-omic approach in a mouse unilateral nephrectomy model to identify signaling processes associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubule. The results indicate that PPARα is an important determinant of proximal tubule cell size and is a likely mediator of compensatory proximal tubule hypertrophy.

Growth factor signalling has been shown to alleviate tissue fibrosis and promote repair. Here, the authors use fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) knockout mice and an FGF7-loaded hydrogel to show that this factor can promote functional regeneration of tendon.

It is unclear how higher brain areas use feedback to help early visual cortex analyze complex scenes. Here, the authors show that feedback is crucial for various figure-ground percepts and involves distinct facilitatory and inhibitory signals.

A nerve cuff composed of bioresorbable and ultrasound-activated triboelectric polymers is used to block pain in rats and pigs.

Immunometabolic cues surrounding implanted biomaterials govern the trafficking of subsets of neutrophils, monocytes and other immune cells, and determine the relative composition of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cell populations.

A virus-mimicking micelle selectively delivers drugs to diseased chondrocytes in osteoarthritis, significantly alleviating disease progression in mouse and sheep models.

The mechanisms that mediate the effects of weight loss surgeries such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that intestinal FGF15 is necessary to improve glucose tolerance and to prevent the loss of muscle and bone mass after VSG, potentially via protection against bile acid toxicity.

The study shows that time-dependent diffusion MRI detects subtle axonal changes in brain injury by identifying structural signatures of diffusive dynamics of water along axons, bridging cellular-level alterations with millimeter-scale imaging.

The editorship of David Davies (1973–1980) saw global nuclear arsenals grow and India join the nuclear club. Frank Barnaby examines how Davies addressed the cold war arms race in Nature.

Lymphatic vessels are vital in the musculoskeletal system, but their role in bone repair is unclear. Here the authors found early lymphatic drainage insufficiency in fractures impacts osteoblast survival and stem cell proliferation by modulating the hematoma niche via DAMP transport.

Bariatric surgical procedures, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are the most effective therapy for the treatment of obesity; now bile acids, and the presence of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR, are shown to underpin the mechanism of VSG action, and the ability of VSG to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance is substantially reduced if FXR is absent.

How bone-related sexually dimorphic traits are regulated hasn’t been examined at the stem cell level. Here the authors show that skeletal stem cells (SSC), in female but not male mice, are directly controlled by estrogen signaling, which could be augmented to improve fracture repair.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.