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Current mapping of fork progression in the human genome suffers from drastically low throughput. Here, the authors introduce ForkML, a nanopore sequencing-based method automatically positioning thousands of individual fork velocities by tracking BrdU incorporation into asynchronously growing cells.

Bohlen and colleagues report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL is necessary for the development, tolerance and activation of B cells in humans, unlike in mice where CBL deficiency results in loss of T cells.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

Sleep-active physiological processes enhance overnight glymphatic clearance of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers into plasma in humans, supporting the critical role of glymphatic function in Alzheimer’s pathophysiology and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

The variability in clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection is partly due to deficiencies in production or response to type I interferons (IFN). Here, the authors describe a FIP200-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway, independent of canonical autophagy and type I IFN, that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication, offering insights into critical COVID-19 pneumonia mechanisms.

The adhesion of meningococci to endothelial cells relies on type IV pili, which induce the formation of long tubular structures on the host cell membrane. Here, the authors show that the tubular structures accumulate and trap host membrane-associated proteins, which facilitates their interaction with bacterial ligands and the activation of adhesion and signaling receptors.

Improved understanding of the tumor ecosystem in glioblastoma is critical for developing new treatment strategies for the disease. Here, the authors identify pericytes as an active paracrine signaling hub within the tumor parenchyma that orchestrates a tumor-suppressive microenvironment, suggesting pericyte preservation as a key feature of future therapeutic regimens for glioblastoma.

Thendral et al. describe a mitophagic programme that removes deleterious mtDNA during the oocyte-to-zygote transition in Caenorhabditis elegans, promoting mitochondrial health and offspring survival. Loss of this mitophagy leads to mutant mtDNA accumulation.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

In this study, researchers show that season and exposure to light affect different nuclei of the amygdala and that these effects are related to mood. This may explain in part the benefits of light therapy for mood disorders.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Beck et al. develop a model where striosomes create a flexible “decision-space” that adapts to environmental context and internal state. It explains how we make choices and why decision-making varies between people, and in neuropsychiatric disorders.

The relative contribution of nitrogen fixation and nitrogen diffusion to marine biomes is presently debated. Here, the authors evaluate the contribution of these pathways across the tropics and subtropics of the global ocean and show that nitrogen diffusion, reinforced by salt fingers, is the dominant process.

Homologous recombination rearranges genetic information during meiosis to generate new combinations in the genome. Here, the authors report direct, single-individual detection of recombination in primates and humans using long-read sequencing.

Sepsis induces a period of immunosuppression which can be problematic in the face of subsequent infectious challenge. Here the authors show the presence of PD-L1 expressing regulatory plasma cells that can inhibit T cells in a murine model and in patients with sepsis.

The authors provide a comprehensive characterization of how glutamine uptake and utilization regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.

In a phase 1 trial, intramuscular injection of synthetic plasmid DNA encoding monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was safe and well tolerated and did not elicit antidrug antibodies.

Mercury concentrations in sediments of the North American Arctic Margin and the Arctic Ocean basins can be entirely explained by carbon sources and cycling, according to analysis of sediment cores from the polar ocean.

Telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations have been recently found in human melanomas. Here, Nault et al.identify telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations as the most frequent somatic genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas and as the first mutation identified in cirrhotic preneoplastic lesions.

Pancreatic cancer progression is driven by a switch from HNF4G-driven transcriptional activity in primary disease to FOXA1-mediated transcription in the metastatic setting.

By leveraging the power of pretrained DNA foundation models, SegmentNT achieves performant genome annotation through segmenting different genic and regulatory elements.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu and banteng. Here, Wang et al. identify ~3.5 million novel introgressed SNP variants and provide a genomic map of banteng introgression within and across many cattle breeds, each with unique introgression histories.

Human TNF is required for respiratory-burst-dependent immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages but seems to be largely redundant physiologically.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

Florfenicol amine hijacks intrinsic resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus, highlighting that antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can be harnessed for antibiotic activation.

Results from the randomized ProfiLER-02 trial, which compared two gene panels in guiding molecular-based treatment in patients with solid tumors, show that a broader gene panel led to more molecular-based recommended therapies compared to a more limited gene panel.

SOHO has provided a high-quality, continuous record of the Sun and its atmosphere. Marking the thirtieth anniversary since SOHO’s launch, this Review highlights its legacy, shaping our understanding of the Sun, and the new space missions it has inspired.

B. thuringiensis spores contain uncharacterized protein filaments that extend from the surface of the exosporium. Here, the authors show that these filaments feature conserved β-barrel neck domains and promote spore clustering through protein contacts and filament bundling, and reveal a mechanism for biofilm-like spore aggregation.

Zero-group-velocity Lamb waves, which are surface waves with reduced losses and high Q factor, have many potential applications. The authors image such waves in 2 dimensions, and in the GHz range, with a bilayer using a time-resolved imaging technique with an ultra-short-pulse laser.

The mechanisms by which pyruvate metabolism defects lead to neurological symptoms in Leigh syndrome patients remain unclear. Here, the authors show a link between pyruvate metabolism and translation fidelity that is important for brain development.

At equilibrium, the ferroelectric polarization is proportional to the strain. At ultrafast timescales, an above-bandgap laser excitation decouples strain and polarization, which, out of equilibrium, is mainly determined by the photoexcited electrons.

Lung and thymoma cancer patients often suffer from autoimmunity and related painful neuropathies. Here the authors show that patient-derived anti-CRMP5 autoantibody binds to rat dorsal root ganglia to cause pain, that immunizing rats with CRMP5 recapitulates these phenotypes, and that depleting rat B cells with anti-CD20 ameliorates related symptoms.

The global distribution of nearly all extant reptile species reveals richness patterns that differ spatially from that of other taxa. Conservation prioritization should specifically consider reptile distributions, particularly lizards and turtles.