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Growth-coupled biosynthesis in microbes can stabilise production yields, yet their population-level effects are unclear. Here the authors use ScRNA-seq to reveal that an evolved glycyrrhetinic acid-producing growth-coupled yeast strain population achieves division of labour.

The lack of hormone-responsive follicles is a major challenge in treating infertility related to premature ovarian insufficiency and diminished ovarian reserve. Here, the authors show that intraovarian securinine injection promotes small follicle development in aged mice and cynomolgus macaques by modulating stromal–granulosa signaling.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Halide solid electrolytes typically require high lithium content, raising costs and exacerbating air sensitivity. Here, authors leverage anion clusters to synthesize an amorphous electrolyte with low lithium content of 2.4 wt%, high ionic conductivity of 1.5 mS cm^-1, and good air-stability.

This paper reports that all regions of the genome acquire DNA methylation in parallel over nearly 1 year in primate male germ cells. The results raise interesting questions about the mechanisms of the extremely slow establishment of DNA methylation.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Here the authors report real-world evidence through a retrospective analysis of a multinational cohort of 1.8 M older adults showing that GLP1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors carry lower risk for hyperkalemia than sulfonylureas. However, SGLT2 inhibitors increased risk of ketoacidosis. Findings support safety-conscious prescribing for older adults, who are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating cancer progression remains to be explored. Here, the authors identify an antisense lncRNA in the IGF1R locus (IGF1RAS1) which strongly interacts with super enhancers and modulates MYC expression in metastatic prostate cancer.

The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

Sialic acid O-acetylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus and is catalyzed by CASD1, a multi-pass transmembrane protein. Here, the authors reveal that SLC33A1 delivers acetyl-CoA to the luminal catalytic domain of CASD1, while a catalytic transmembrane tunnel enables SLC33A1-independent O-acetylation.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

In this work, Kanda et al. utilize heteroaryl additives to substantially improve thermal stability of perovskite solar cells, maintaining over 100% of initial efficiency after 2400 hours of aging at 85 °C, in addition to concurrently achieving 25% conversion efficiency and strong outdoor durability.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

The thermoelectric performance of rhombohedral GeTe-based material is boosted by the TiB₂ nanoparticle-induced interfacial constraint effect that results in reduced equivalent deformation potential and substantial interfacial thermal resistance.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Peroxiredoxins from diverse organisms were found to assemble into hybrid complexes, not just identical ones. These mixed assemblies reshape structure and stability, challenging a long-held view of peroxiredoxin assembly in cells.

Here, the authors report a bacterial anti-phage defense system that targets the phage DNA entry phase. This system is termed HXS and consists of four proteins that function together to inhibit phage DNA entry providing broad-spectrum activity.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

The authors use femtosecond-timed Coulomb explosion to study in real time the bimolecular reaction of a single lithium ion diffusing toward a benzene dimer inside a liquid helium nanodroplet until formation of an ion-molecule complex.

Staurolite-bearing layers can effectively capture lithium from crustal reworking processes, leading to the formation of enriched sources for producing lithium-rich melts during melting, according to geochemical analysis and phase equilibrium modelling of Barrovian metamorphic sequences and metamorphic country rocks.

Across 17 forest plots (2.7 million trees, 5,400 species), competition dominated overall, but facilitation was relatively stronger near the equator and declined towards higher latitudes, partly linked to temperature, legumes, mycorrhizal associations and canopy nursing effect.

Bacteriophages are the most abundant life form on earth and can be applied to eliminate or engineer bacteria. Here, authors demonstrate RNA barcoding as a high throughput tool to measure bacteriophage host range in natural microbial communities and inform bacteriophage ecology and applications.

Th17 cells play critical immunological roles and are exposed to oxidative stress but how the mechanisms behind how they deal with this are not well established. Here the authors suggest a role for Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C in the protection of Th17 cells from oxidative stress in a murine model.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Riparian buffers are widely used to protect watercourses, but their value for conserving biodiversity is uncertain. This global meta-analysis supports forested riparian buffers as a key conservation strategy in human-modified landscapes worldwide.

This study finds global 3D urban expansion is less dispersed. Global South cities show great vertical intensity, but those outside China, especially in Africa, exhibit low 3D centrality. Patterns are linked to natural and socioeconomic factors.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

It remains unclear how opponent serotonin and dopamine signals regulate striatal activity to exert opposing effects on behavior. This study reveals how the complement of serotonin and dopamine receptors expressed by cells in the striatum enable the two neuromodulators to exert opposing functions during reward learning.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Monitoring the nucleation of dendrites in Li-ion batteries during cell cycling is important for the development of new electrochemical materials. Here, the authors use the spectral-spatial mode in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging to visualize the spatial distribution of metallic sub-micrometric lithium structures.

This study demonstrates a sustainable strategy to co-upcycle spent lithium-ion batteries and plastic waste into carbon nanotube composites with microwave absorption, enabling efficient metal recovery while reducing environmental and carbon impacts.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes suffer from chemomechanical degradation, and current mitigation methods require complex syntheses. Here the researchers show that simple control of LiOH melting produces uniform microstructures that stabilize the cathodes without doping or coatings.

Conventional rechargeable zinc-air batteries face slow kinetics and thermodynamic incompatibility. Here, the authors propose a dual-cathode zinc-ethylene glycol/air battery, enabling concurrent efficient electricity generation and electro-reforming of plastic wastes into high-value C2 chemicals.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials, but their synthesis relies on coordinating solvents or molecules. Now a solvent-in-salt method is demonstrated for synthesizing lead halide perovskites. The method features enhanced environmental friendliness and safety and improves perovskite crystal quality.

Laser-driven neutron sources offer unique advantages for fundamental physics and applications. Here, authors present an experiment at the DRACO PW laser where they achieved for the first time single neutron detection of fast neutrons, establishing LDNSs as a promising, scalable platform for future fast neutron-induced reaction studies.

Au nanowires with an unconventional hexagonal close-packed (4H) phase stabilize the 4H-phase high-entropy alloys grown epitaxially on their surface through a facile chemical synthesis. The resulting core–shell nanostructures demonstrate promising overall water electrolysis performance.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The interaction between plastic and aquatic environments fosters a distinct microbial community on plastic surfaces known as the plastisphere. In near natural freshwater systems, microbial community composition on macroplastics is shaped primarily by water quality, while plastic substrate properties strongly influence biofilm growth and the tendency of plastics to settle.

Bimerons are magnetic solitons that are topologically equivalent to skyrmions in in-plane magnetized systems. This study demonstrates the room-temperature creation of bimerons in Co₈Zn₈Mn₄ via femtosecond laser pulse excitation, revealing dynamic topological control and morphological transitions of these solitons.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

An analysis of whole-exome sequencing data linked to longitudinal electronic health records from 44,028 British South Asians finds new gene–phenotype associations and identifies 2,991 genes with rare biallelic predicted loss-of-function genotypes.

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers sustainable freshwater but faces persistent microbial safety concerns. A mussel-inspired hygroscopic aerogel achieves rapid water uptake with solar-driven bacterial inactivation, enabling a scalable AWH system.