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Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

The automated synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles with on-demand properties is a challenging task. Here the authors integrate a fluidic reactor, real-time characterization, and machine learning in a self-driven lab for the photochemical synthesis of nanoparticles with targeted properties.

HIV-1 integrase is critical for viral DNA integration and RNA packaging at distinct stages of the replication cycle. Here, authors report structures of integrase assemblies, revealing how structural plasticity imparts the protein with dual functionality.

Achieving complete coverage of 2-4 μm pyramids on industrial fully-textured silicon with solution processed perovskite film remains challenging. Here, authors spray-coat alumina particles on silicon for near-conformal deposition of perovskites, achieving efficiency of 32.74% for tandem solar cells.

Solvation effect of zinc ions has led to side reactions in aqueous zinc metal batteries. Here, the authors construct a multicomponent zinc gel polymer electrolyte and co-reconstruct the cationic/anionic solvation structures.

Metal free’ materials offer a cheap and chemical benign platform for magnetism, however, the typical source of magnetism are unpaired electrons of a metal, thus designing ‘metal free’ magnetic materials represents a significant challenge. Here, Du et al present a strategy for enhancing the magnetism in carbon nitride using boron bridges.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Elevated succinate in aging drives cardiac fibrosis by inducing PKM2 succinylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation, activating fibroblasts. Targeting this axis may slow cardiac aging

Developing robust catalysts for enhanced proton transfer brings both promise and challenges to oxygen production. Here, the authors report a strong bonding strategy to produce a sulfonic-group-grafted oxygen evolution catalyst, enhancing proton transfer and accelerating reaction kinetics.

Researchers analyzed 5,279 plasma proteins in 40 people undergoing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy over 6 months, revealing significant changes in 299 proteins. Such changes could have implications for reproductive capacity, immune regulation and long-term health.

Quality control for epigenomic datasets requires robust ground truths. Here, authors generate genome-wide quantitative methylation reference datasets from the publicly available Quartet DNA reference materials, which could serve as a resource for the standardised benchmarking of emerging technologies.

Aberration of chromatin organisation is linked to cancer progression and cancer cell plasticity. Here, the authors investigate changes in chromatin state during the transition of cancer cells to cancer stem cells and, using a CTCF-cohesin contact reporter CRISPR screen, identify TLK2 as a driver of plasticity via regulation of chromatin loop formation.

Seawater electrolysis is highly promising for hydrogen production, yet it suffers from severe chloride-induced corrosion. This study reports a Co-based anode with triple defense that achieves durable seawater oxidation for 3000 h.

The simultaneous enhancement of strength and resilience of polymer materials is challenging. Here, the authors synthesized 2D polyamide films with reduced size of rigid structural units and multiples supramolecular interactions to achieve materials with remarkable strength and resilience.

Reverse water-gas shift is key for CO₂ use, but high-temperature surface reconstruction obscures structure-performance links. Here, metastable MoO_x on Mo₂N gives equilibrium-level CO₂ conversion and 99% CO selectivity at 500 °C.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Spin photocurrents can be efficiently generated by the resonant excitation associated with defect states in unintentionally doped GaN. Here, the authors show that shallow Si-donor states can be utilised to enhance the magnitude of the spin photocurrent, and that defect induced deep level states provide a feasible method to modulate the direction of the spin photocurrent.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Single atoms trapped in optical tweezers offer a promising route to quantum computing, but large-scale individual qubit control remains challenging. Here the authors propose and realize a fiber array architecture that enables independent and highly parallel control of single qubits in a neutral atom array.

Engineering the perovskite–electrical contact interface with sodium heptafluorobutyrate reduces interfacial defects and improves charge transport in perovskite solar cells. Functionalized devices deliver a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.96%, which is fully retained after 1,200 h of continuous operation under 1-sun illumination.

The development of macrocyclic hosts with high-affinity 1:2 recognition capabilities is crucial for its applications. Here, the authors introduce enantiopure chiral macrocycles with remarkable 1:2 recognition properties in water comparable to those of cucurbit[8]uril.

Here, the authors use intracranial electrical stimulation to reveal an anterior to posterior gradient in the fusiform gyrus from internal mnemonic to external perceptual experiences.

The authors achieve piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ ∼ 807 pC·N⁻¹, along with high k₃₃ ∼ 88 % and T_c ∼ 245 °C in (K,Na)(Nb_1-xSb_x)O₃-Bi_0.5Na_0.5ZrO₃-BiFeO₃ system through structural flexibility and grain orientation strategies.

Thick electrodes can increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries but often face charge transport limits and degradation. Here, authors develop thick, dense electrodes with synthetic boundaries, improving mechanical robustness and specific, areal, and volumetric capacities as high as 497 mAh cm⁻³.

Zhao et al. generated models from whole blood gene expression to predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case-control status and combined gene features with clinical variables to predict survival, both validated in an external independent dataset.

The authors report a molecular ferroelectric (TMCM)[FeCl₄], which shows strong magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric effects at room temperature. The spin-lattice coupling of FeCl₄ and flexible structure of organic cations are responsible for these effects.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

This global study shows that short-term exposure to landscape fire sourced PM_2.5 increases hospital admissions for multiple diseases in children, especially those aged 5-9 years and in low-SES areas, highlighting the need for targeted protection.

This work reveals critical role of R-Ras2 in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. R-Ras2 maintains VSMCs function via c-MET-TFII-I axis, with MEG3 stabilizing its mRNA stability. Findings identify R-Ras2 a potential AAA therapeutic target.

Molecular systems featuring a spin-optical interface offer a promising platform for quantum sensing, thanks to their low-cost synthesis and tunability. Here the authors use pentacene-doped molecular crystals for pressure and temperature sensing with improved temperature and record pressure sensitivities.

Traditional thermocatalytic production of ethylene is hindered by high energy penalty and carbon footprint. Here, the authors report an ambient bipolar ethylene electrosynthesis system by coupling oxidative decarboxylation of propanoic acid biowaste with CO₂ electroreduction.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

This study reveals how genetic profiles shape brain structure, function, and behavior in over 8,600 children, linking polygenic scores to key brain imaging features and cognitive traits during early neurodevelopment.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

Myocardial ischemia is a pathological condition where cardiomyocytes lack oxygen and energy supply. Here, Cheng et al. develop a photosynthetic system consisting of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyre) and upconversion nanoparticles encapsulated in a hydrogel, which upon exposure to near-infrared light, enables oxygen production by C. pyre to alleviate the hypoxic myocardial environment.

u-Segment3D is a universal framework that translates and enhances 2D instance segmentations to a 3D consensus instance segmentation without training data. It performs well across diverse datasets, including cells with complex morphologies.

An analysis of rare genetic variants identifies three genes—MAP1A, ANO8 and ANK2—that have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigates the potential underlying biological mechanisms.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The large-scale synthesis of insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) plays an important role for the development of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report the oxygen-assisted chemical vapor deposition of wafer-scale single-crystal monolayer hBN films by merging aligned hexagonal hBN islands.

Catalytic asymmetric click reactions of azides and alkynes for chiral triazole synthesis remains a challenge, due to the limited catalytic systems and substrate scope. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective azidation/click cascade reaction of N-propargyl-β-ketoamides via copper catalysis, affording a variety of chiral 1,2,3-triazoles.

SpaIM is an open-source style transfer learning model that enriches spatial transcriptomics using single-cell RNA-seq, improving gene coverage, imputation accuracy, and downstream analyses across diverse tissues and platforms.

Cartilaginous fishes lost the short-wave-sensitive (sws) opsin genes at some point in their evolutionary history. Here, the authors present genome assemblies of Okamejei kenojei (skate) and Prionace glauca (blue shark) that confirm sws loss, together with experimental evidence that sws loss reduces shortwave light damage to the eye.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.