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The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

An improved strategy for siting food and energy production is needed to avoid further habitat loss. This paper presents a multi-sector framework that can empower land use planners to find synergies across conservation and development sectors.

Microscopic vascular invasion is an indicator of tumour recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma but is challenging to diagnose. Here, the authors use spatial transcriptomics and bulk RNA-seq to identify gene expression changes associated with vascular invasion that are detectable beyond the invasion site.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited efficacy in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma (rHGA). Here the authors report the results of a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial of laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by anti-PD1 pembrolizumab in patients with rHGA.

Chang et al. found that nuclear reactive electrophile stress suppresses translation through HNEylation at C436 of NCBP1, triggering alternative splicing of S6K1, a key regulator of translation.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

In this phase 1, open-label dose-escalation study in healthy adults found that the mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1215), encoding the Nipah virus Malaysian strain chimeric pre-fusion F protein linked to glycoprotein G, was safe and induced elevated immune responses at 1 year of follow-up, indicating that this is a promising vaccine candidate for further development.

Evo 2 is an artificial intelligence-based biological foundation model trained on 9 trillion DNA base pairs spanning all domains of life that predicts functional properties from genomic sequences and provides a rich generative model for researchers in biology.

Cationic amino acids are essential to protein synthesis and cellular signaling. Here, authors determine the structure of the cationic amino acid transporter 1 and determined how it is co-opted as a receptor for leukemia-causing animal viruses.

A genetic study in over 300,000 males reveals that Y chromosome loss affects type 2 diabetes risk differently in East Asians and Europeans. Multi-omics data suggest that this may be due to impaired glucose metabolism in Y-deficient pancreatic β cells.

Skin-targeted siRNA therapies require optimized delivery to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Here, authors show that increasing conjugate hydrophobicity enhances siRNA skin retention and gene silencing in porcine and human models while limiting systemic tissue exposure.

Genome-wide association analyses using data from 19 biobanks identify variants influencing risk of thyroid diseases and yield polygenic risk scores associated with features of aggressive thyroid cancer.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The authors developed a microfluidic device, FIND-Chip, designed to automate and enhance oocyte recovery from follicular fluid, a process traditionally done manually. When used in clinical settings, the device recovered additional oocytes missed during manual screening, substantially increasing the number of viable oocytes available for in vitro fertilization.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Johnson et al. link ARIA, a complication of anti-amyloid therapy, to clonal expansion of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells with glycolytic reprogramming and vascular trafficking potential, with implications for biomarker development and risk mitigation.

In a prespecified secondary analysis of the SURMOUNT-OSA trial, tirzepatide improved cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.

In this study, the authors develop a flavivirus vaccine strategy by introducing mutations into envelope glycoproteins resulting in structural changes that conceal the ADE-prone fusion loop epitope. They show that the Zika virus-specific construct protects mice against viral challenge and prevents ADE by Dengue virus.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Dissolved oxygen levels in the Proterozoic surface ocean decreased from the Equator towards the mid–high latitudes, the opposite of the modern latitudinal gradient, according to a compilation of I/Ca proxy records and Earth system modelling.

Metabolic and proteomic profiles derived from fossilized skeletal remains of animals enable inferences regarding physiological health and disease as well as diet to provide reconstructions of ancient soil, vegetation and palaeoclimate characteristics.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

The ethical use of publicly available datasets with human data for which consent has not been explicitly given needs urgent attention from researchers, funders, research institutes and publishers. A specific challenging case is research involving hacked data and this Perspective discusses whether and under what conditions it is morally and ethically justified to conduct such research.

Somatic instability plays a role in Huntington’s disease. Here, the authors show that lowering HTT levels by transcriptional repression suppresses somatic instability. This can also be done without affecting HTT levels by direct CAG repeat binding.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and cases in humans in the United States. Here, the authors assess levels of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies to the epidemic virus strain in human serum samples collected in the United States.

Here, the authors create a high-quality-factor chiral metasurface that enables record-high room-temperature valley-selective emission in MoSe₂ monolayers, independent of excitation polarization.

Here the authors isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1, and characterize the epitope of one antibody that inhibits invasion of reticulocytes and hepatocytes, and reduces liver infection in a mouse model.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.