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Large language models appear aligned, yet harmful pretraining knowledge persists as latent patterns. Here, the authors prove current alignment creates only local safety regions, leaving global adversarial paths intact, and empirically show widespread vulnerability across leading aligned models.

The unusual magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are important considerations when developing hydrodynamic models of the planetary interiors. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study how chemical processes could create the interior structures predicted from the planets' magnetic fields.

This Review surveys wireless energy conversion, a paradigm that transforms wirelessly transmitted power directly into chemical, thermal, optical or mechanical energy without intermediate storage. It covers transmission mechanisms, conversion pathways from charging to motoring, and engineering trade-offs, before identifying routes towards standardized, secure and scalable deployment.

PARM is a deep-learning model trained on data from massively parallel reporter assays to help predict promoter activity in different human cell types, design synthetic promoters and identify key features of regulatory promoter grammar.

Long Fung Chau and colleagues report the generation of transgenic pigs expressing human ACE2, and show that they exhibit clinical signs and immunopathology consistent with COVID-19 following infection with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that human ACE2 transgenic pigs are a viable large animal model for COVID-19.

In this phase 3 trial, human immunodeficiency virus-negative Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis were stratified by LTA4H genotype to assess whether this influences corticosteroid response. However, outcomes were not significantly better according to genotype.

Exai-1, a cell-free RNA foundation model that integrates sequence, structure and expression features, advances liquid biopsy diagnostics by denoising noisy data, augmenting limited datasets and improving the generalizability of cancer detection models.

CAR-T cell efficacy is often limited by the inability to maintain a memory T cell program. Here, the authors show that intrinsic CXCR4 expression enhances CAR-T cell persistence and memory differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ and nitrite offers a green route to produce urea. Here, the authors report co-sputtered copper cobalt catalysts enable efficient C–N coupling through a tandem mechanism, yielding 61 mmol h^⁻1gcat^⁻1 urea at –1.2 V vs. RHE.

Wittmann and colleagues show that not only single outcome events but also the global reward state (GRS) impact learning in macaques; low GRS drives explorative choices. Analyses of macaque BOLD signal reveals that GRS impacts activity in the anterior insula as well as the dorsal raphe nucleus.

Inhibition of DLC1 RhoGAP by p120RasGAP allows for crosstalk between the Rho and Ras pathways. Here, Chau et al. present the co-crystal structure of DLC1 RhoGAP domain and p120RasGAP SH3 domain and probe the interaction with biochemical studies.

Maize transcription factor TASSELSHEATH4 establishes the leaf versus meristem cell boundary and vegetative versus floral axillary meristem fates as part of a domestication gene network.

Coal is widely used for energy generation, but has not been considered for possible functional materials. Here, the authors report the one-step formation of graphene quantum dots from coal at yields of up to 20%, which is advantageous when compared with their syntheses from sp²-type carbon structures.

Antimicrobial resistance genes that have been mobilized between bacterial species represent a subset of the naturally occurring resistome. Here, the authors compare the abundance, diversity and geographical patterns of acquired resistance genes with latent resistance genes in global sewage metagenomes.

Solvent-mediated interaction networks control a wide range of protein functions, but their design has been neglected owing to a lack of accurate computational tools. Now it is shown that allosteric signalling membrane proteins can be engineered through such networks, revealing a broader space of designable protein interactions and functions.

CondenSeq is an imaging-based, high-throughput platform for characterizing condensate formation within the nuclear environment, uncovering the protein sequence features that promote this process.

Increasing evidence suggests that activation of oncogenic pathways contributes to an unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Here, the authors show that wild-type KRAS plays a key role in immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing interferon-mediated immunity and promoting resistance to immunotherapy via the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway.

In vivo experiments and mathematical modelling in this work, show that alveolar macrophages lower phage densities and phage-bacteria contact rates, limiting the effectiveness of synergistic treatment of acute pneumonia by bacteriophage and the immune response.

This article addresses the challenge of training AI models in personalized Internet of Things systems while ensuring data security and privacy. Authors combine federated and meta-learning to improve model training performance, adaptation speed, cost-efficiency, and security against attacks.

In patients with advanced cancer, the development of brain metastasis (BM) often signals a worsening prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors assemble a large, open-source neuroimaging dataset of BM and perform spatial and morphological analysis which they use to develop a framework for function-sparing brain radiotherapy design.

Using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing, the authors here describe immune signatures defined by dysfunctional NK and T-cell responses that discriminate patients who develop severe dengue infection from those with uncomplicated dengue.

A generative AI model, Orion, learns a robust and generalizable pattern of non-small cell lung cancer from cancer-specific circulating non-coding RNAs. Orion enhances the performance of liquid biopsy for early cancer detection and tumor subtyping.

Tetrandrine is one of the most potent inhibitors of Ebola Virus infection. Here the authors identify LIMP-2 as a direct cellular target of Tetrandrine and establish a functional connection between lysosomal sphingosine homeostasis and calcium regulation.

Protein nanocages are multimeric molecular structures that can be engineered to mimic conformations of microorganisms. Here the authors display antigen and adjuvant on ferritin nanocage and use as a mucosal vaccine showing induction of protective immunity in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

A computational method called Ortho-Marker Gene Groups (OMGs) was developed to enable cell-type identification and comparison across plant single cell data. The OMG method revealed 14 conserved cell-type groups and is accessible via the OMG browser.

Early expression of intraneuronal amyloid-β (not phospho-tau) and inflammatory and glycosylation pathway transcripts distinguish neocortical RORB⁺ and GAD1⁺ neurons selectively vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.

An online tailored coaching intervention, delivered over 3 years, improved global cognition, dementia risk, physical activity, nutrition and depression in older dementia-free community-dwelling individuals.

The phase 2 trial, DESTINYCRC01, previously demonstrated durable activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard treatment. Here, the authors report the exploratory analysis of the DESTINY-CRC01 trial investigating markers of response or resistance to T-DXd.

Fouragnan et al. used neuroimaging and ultrasound neuromodution in non-human primates to demonstrate the causal role of the anterior cingulate cortex in translating counterfactual values in future choices.

This study identifies genetic polymorphisms in PfRAD5 and PfWD11 as new markers of artemisinin resistance of malaria infections. These represent putative factors of the artemisinin resistance pathophysiological background along several differentially expressed transcripts.

CRISPR-mediated genome editing tools are entering the clinic, but concerns remain about the potential immunogenicity of these bacterial-derived proteins. Here, Raghavan et al. engineer two Cas effectors, Cas9 and Cas12, for reduced immunogenicity in vivo while maintaining on-target activity.