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Challenges in mapping modern molecular and anatomical datasets into a common atlas are not fully addressed. Here authors present approaches to aligning multimodal neuroimaging data and quantifying geometric variability. Authors also make sure open-source code, dataset standards, and a web interface are available, enabling large scale integration of datasets essential to modern neuroscience.

The Kondo effect has been observed in a variety of systems, including carbon nanotube quantum dots and graphene in the presence of impurities. Here, the authors report the observation of the Kondo effect in bilayer graphene quantum dots and study its interplay with weak spin-orbit coupling.

Achieving nonlinear optical response of free-space planar solid devices in the few-photon regime will provide several technological advances. Here, the authors demonstrate a self-hybridised perovskite metasurface with strong nonlinear absorption at record low incident powers, by means of cavity critical coupling engineering

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Coordinated X-ray and radio observations reveal that disk winds and jets occur mutually exclusively in 4U 1630–472, providing new observational constraints on the interplay between different modes of outflow in X-ray binaries.

In geometrically frustrated magnets, long-range magnetic order is typically suppressed, whereas at the same time non-trivial spin correlations are observed. Using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, the authors find evidence for extended quantum string-like excitations in the quantum spin ice material Yb₂Ti₂O₇.

Tree longevity is thought to increase in harsh environments, but global evidence of drivers is lacking. Here, the authors find two different pathways for tree longevity: slow growth in resource limited environments and increasing tree stature and/or slow growth in competitive environments.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

JWST has revealed many prolate, filamentary galaxies at z ≈ 3–8. Hydrodynamical simulations reproduce this trend only in warm or wave dark matter models, where smooth filamentary accretion dominates over the hierarchical fragmentation seen with cold dark matter.

Biological nitrogen fixation may impose stronger constraints on the carbon sink in natural terrestrial biomes and represent a larger source of agricultural nitrogen than is generally considered in analyses of the global nitrogen cycle.

Mitochondrial respiration provides reducing power to the electron transport chain (ETC), driving proton pumping and ATP synthesis required for T cell activation and differentiation. Here, the authors use alternative oxidase (AOX) as a mechanistic probe to bypass cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and thereby isolate the role of respiration and demonstrate that intact mitochondrial respiration is important for T cell proliferation, effector function, memory formation, and regulation of apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways.

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein IRE1 mitigates ER stress through kinase-ribonuclease and scaffolding activities. However, a significant nonenzymatic IRE1 dependency has been shown in cancer. Here, the authors design a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) to fully disrupt cellular IRE1 protein, selectively blocking growth of IRE1-dependent cancer cells.

Twisted double bilayer graphene (tDBG) comprises two Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene sheets with a twist between them. Here, the authors report a strong anomalous Hall effect in the correlated-metal regime of tDBG, indicating time reversal symmetry breaking from orbital ferromagnetism, likely associated with valley polarization.

GRX-810, an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy, shows excellent structural performance above 1100°C and stability up to 1300 °C. Grain-size effects, additive manufacturing–induced anisotropy, and fine trigonal Y₂O₃ particles enhance creep resistance.

Quantum simulations of topological insulator phases with single-site control would allow to see richer phenomenology. Using a programmable trapped-ion simulator with site-resolved Floquet control, the authors implement a long-range spin model, revealing protected edge excitations and rich many-body dynamics beyond the single-excitation regime.

Colorectal cancer is often diagnosed at later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Here, the authors utilise analysis of rectal mucus specimens using host and microbial analysis to detect cancer lesions.

Early high-resolution images of two 2021 novae reveal eruptions unfolding in multiple stages with colliding outflows that produce shocks and gamma rays, reshaping our understanding of stellar explosions.

Optical control of atomic quantum systems poses stringent requirements on modulators. Here, the authors present a piezoelectrically actuated silicon-nitride-based high-speed spatial light modulator technology meeting those needs.

The disordered molecular aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors in nonhalogenated solvents limits the performance of organic solar cells. Here, the authors apply an ultrasound field to induce J aggregation of molecules, achieving maximum efficiency of 20.41% for o-xylene-processed ternary devices.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Therapeutic gene editing in vivo is an ongoing challenge. Here, authors demonstrate Cas9 nickase guided DNA ligation as a nonviral method for installing permanent genomic corrections with favorable on target edit profiles in model animal cell types and adult mice.

The intestinal microbiome is shaped by genetics and environment. Here, the authors show in rats that host genetic effects, including indirect social effects, influence microbiome composition, identify replicated loci, and reveal mechanisms contributing to microbiome heritability.

The authors study a Pt/Nb hybrid structure by scanning microscopy and muon spin rotation. They find an anomalous absence of Meissner screening near the Pt/Nb interface due to spin-triplet pair correlations driven by spin-orbit coupling alone with no ferromagnetic layer necessary.

Quantum spin Hall edge states are protected by time-reversal symmetry and are expected to disappear in a strong magnetic field. Here, the authors use microwave impedance microscopy and find, surprisingly, edge conduction in mercury telluride quantum wells that survives up to 9 T with little change.

Two-dimensional polyaramid polymers are synthesized to form nanofilms that exhibit the lowest gas permeability of any polymer by orders of magnitude, despite lacking crystallinity, enabling molecular-scale nanomechanical resonators and barrier materials.

Microplastics (MPs) represent an environmental hazard which must be resolved by efficient, cheap, and sustainable remediation technology. Here the authors use an engineered algae to capture MPs and treat wastewater, the captured algae-plastic mix is upcycled into a tougher bioplastic composite.

Intracortical microstimulation can elicit artificial sensations in persons who have lost sensation due to neurological injury or disease. This Review discusses intracortical microstimulation mechanisms, explores emerging approaches and notes challenges to current technologies.

Nanoscale magnetic imaging based on single defects in diamond is extended to cryogenic temperatures and is used to study vortices in the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe₂(As_0.7P_0.3)₂.

The development of noninvasive methodology plays an important role in advancing lithium ion battery technology. Here the authors utilize the measurement of tiny magnetic field changes within a cell to assess the lithiation state of the active material, and detect defects.

Visual experience synchronizes V1–LM theta oscillations, strengthens V1 → LM connectivity, and drives dendritic spine remodeling in WT mice, the processes disrupted in Fmr1 KO mice, revealing impaired inter-areal binding in Fragile X syndrome.

Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a spontaneous polarization, which in practical applications is manipulated by an electric field. This study examines how defects affect the switching with atomic resolution, by usingin situaberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy.

Females are more sensitive to social exclusion and loneliness, risk factors for anxiety and stressrelated disorders. Here, the authors identified molecular signals in the amygdala that make females more susceptible to effects of chronic social isolation in mice.

Using experimental and modelling evidence, this study reveals that small coral populations face fertilization failure due to Allee effects. The findings identify critical population thresholds needed to maintain reproductive success.

While the connectivity of VTA dopamine neurons is well studied, less is known about the connectivity of VTA glutamate and GABA neurons. Here, authors show that these neurons form local circuits to modulate reward, aversion, feeding and locomotion.

Fast inactivation is characteristic of voltage-gated sodium channels. In this work, the authors show that this process occurs in two distinct, consecutive steps and propose a lock and key model for fast inactivation.

Optimizations of X-ray nanotomography including the choice of resin allows high-resolution imaging of mouse brain tissue, approaching the resolution of volume electron microscopy. Since it does not require slicing the tissue, this technology may become an attractive alternative to current standard methods for connectomics.

Confidence is key to decision-making, but the dynamics of confidence formation remain elusive. We show that neural populations in parietal cortex reflect the parallel processes of forming a decision and confidence in the decision.

The neural basis of how the visual cortex processes complex features remains under active investigation. Here, the authors show that broadband stimuli increase neural responses and visual perception due to a reduction in center-surround suppression.

Regrowth of lost enamel in tooth decay and sensitivity is a major obstacle to overcome. Here, the authors report on a protein-based material that mimics features of natural enamel formation, allowing for epitaxial growth of apatite nanocrystals to restore enamel structure and function.

Population genetics analysis in a phylogenetic framework shows convergent evolution in the genomes of five brood-parasitic species, including selection on genes involved in spermatogenesis, sperm function and nervous system development.

Observation-based modelling suggests that recent acceleration of Earth’s north magnetic pole towards Siberia can be linked to elongation of a lobe of negative magnetic flux at the core–mantle boundary beneath Canada.

The kinetics and product selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions depend on interfacial hydration, probing hydration structures alongside reaction intermediates and products is challenging. Now it has been shown that carbonates structure interfacial water during CO₂ electroreduction and exist in equilibrium with their radicals, which serve various roles during the electrochemical processes.