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Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual colonization with probiotic E. coli.

‘Populations residing near nuclear power plants may experience low-level chronic exposure to ionizing radiation through environmental release pathways. In here the authors find higher cancer mortality rates in U.S. counties closer to operational nuclear power plants, with the strongest relative risks observed in older adults.’

Antibody mediated prevention (AMP) trials with the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 showed protection against VRC01-sensitive viruses. Here, by deep sequencing plasma samples from 172 participants of the AMP trials, the authors show a high frequency of multilineage HIV infections (38%), including coinfection with both sensitive and resistant viruses, and demonstrate that VRC01 doesn’t alter the transmission bottleneck.

Lethal heatwaves are traditionally identified using wet-bulb temperature thresholds, which fail to capture vulnerability and adaptability. Here, a model using thermo-temporal trends and public health predicts lethal heat with more than 10x accuracy.

Photonic neuromorphic hardware is fast and energy-efficient, but large circuit footprints remain a key bottleneck for scaling. Here, Sestoft et al. demonstrate a few-nanowire artificial neuron that can reduce circuit footprints by ≥100 × .

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Using wearable device data from more than 80,000 people, this study uncovers genetic factors shaping different stages of sleep, revealing distinct genetic regulation across sleep phases and differences between men and women.

In this study, the authors show that pulmonary fibroblasts act as dualfunction responders to the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, modulating immune responses while safeguarding tissue integrity.

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a serious sequela of Strep A infection, for which a diagnostic biomarker is still lacking. Here, the authors demonstrate that CXCR3 directs T cells to heart valves in patients with ARF, linking inflammation to tissue damage.

Extracellular vesicles carrying diverse molecules circulate the body. Here, the authors show that blood-borne vesicles containing specific miRNAs boost synaptic function and sociability in mice, revealing a non-canonical pathway for social behavior.

Atmospheric river (AR) characteristics, particularly AR shape associated with large-scale circulation, as well as interactions with other weather systems, significantly influence surface warming over Antarctic ice shelves and their future stability.

Mucosal barriers play critical roles in the interaction with commensal and pathogenic microbes. Here the authors show non-canonical IL-22 signalling results in mucosal remodelling in a murine model during the immune response to Candida albicans.

Recombination can speed up adaptation by bringing beneficial alleles together. However, this study shows rapid adaptation in Threespine Stickleback fish depends more on the initial frequency of alleles and mating of key individuals than recombination.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Understanding the electrode-electrolyte interface is crucial for sustainable electrocatalysis. Here, the authors introduce a model including electronic equilibrium at the interface, showing that the Helmholtz potential controls activity, which can be enhanced by thin semiconductor layers.

Maize cultivar evolution boosts maize yield, yet the response pattern of maize to extreme climates is unclear. This study clarifies the synergy and trade-off mechanisms underlying the increase of yield per unit area and adaptation to extreme climates.

It remains unclear how viral genomes remain relatively stable over time, given the rapid co-evolution seen within hosts. Here, authors explore complex marine phage-bacteria dynamics using over 1000 phages and 600 bacterial hosts and identify oysters as hotspots for gene exchange.

How motor cortex (M1) circuits adaptively organize action sequences during learning remains unclear. Here, the authors show that M1 somatostatin interneurons actively encode and regulate the temporal structure of action sequences, enabling efficient, task-specific motor execution.

The molecular mechanisms underlying natural transformation remain poorly understood. Here, the authors use optical tweezers to show how the periplasmic DNA receptor ComEA drives the inward pulling of DNA by switching between oligomerization states.

Cells rely on tightly controlled RNA splicing to ensure proper gene expression. Here, the authors show that CDK11-driven phosphorylation of SF3B1 recruits SNIP1 and the RES complex to activate the spliceosome, uncovering a signaling pathway essential for accurate splicing, cell survival, and disease prevention.

Phosphorus locked in carbonate rocks from seven global sites shows simultaneous marine phosphorus spikes during major mass extinctions. Modelling ties high marine phosphorus to eutrophication, CO2 drawdown, and global cooling.

Melanocytic nevi are small, pigmented benign skin tumours. This large-scale genome-wide association study for nevus count identifies novel genomic regions, highlighting pathways beyond pigmentation and offers new insights into melanoma risk and biology.

ZY19489 is a potent antimalarial candidate, which shows a low resistance liability, mediated by a fitness-compromising mutation in PfCRT that restores Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to the licensed drug piperaquine by blocking its efflux.

Riparian buffers are widely used to protect watercourses, but their value for conserving biodiversity is uncertain. This global meta-analysis supports forested riparian buffers as a key conservation strategy in human-modified landscapes worldwide.

Computationally designing proteins with interfaces that bind small molecules has posed a long-standing challenge. Here, authors combine deep learning and physics-based approaches to design proteins that bind small molecules, and demonstrate their approach by designing a cortisol biosensor.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer due to late detection and rapid progression. Here, the authors integrate multi-regional whole genome and RNA sequencing to characterize intratumoural heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectories underlying the malignant transformation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms into invasive PDAC.

Using inbred medaka strains, the authors mapped 59 genetic loci linked to heart rate. Gene editing validated conserved genes affecting heart rate and morphology, highlighting the power of isogenic strains in uncovering mechanisms of cardiac traits and disease.

Photosensory protein domains, derived from nature, are foundational for optogenetic protein engineering. Here the authors develop a high-throughput strategy to tune the light sensitivity and activation of a widely used optogenetic protein system.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Whether anterior cingulate cortex neurons track cognitive variables or primarily reflect movements remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that anterior cingulate neurons are modulated by both movements and a movement-independent record of past decisions/outcomes that is similar across subjects.

Using fMRI and eye tracking, this study found that context changes predict increases in markers of dopaminergic activity, including VTA activation and blinking. These markers were also linked to distortions of remembered time between events.

Here, the authors show the mechanism by which Streptococcus pneumoniae can, through natural variation of a capsule transcriptional control element, alter capsule size and the course of serotype-specific infection with implications for vaccine escape.

A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals ultralow amounts of heavy elements in the star SDSS J0715−7334. The star originates from the Large Magellanic Cloud and probably formed directly after the first stars through dust cooling.

Links between type 1 diabetes and neurocognitive traits remain unclear. Here, the authors integrate genetic and single‑cell epigenomic data to show brain‑cell, especially microglial, involvement and identify shared genetic mechanisms connecting diabetes with cognition and neuropsychiatric risk.

This work demonstrates quaternary non-volatile memory in a single-phase antiferromagnet. Polarized neutron scattering reveals that four magnetic domains in LiNi_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄ can be selectively stabilized using combined electric and magnetic fields.

Optical initialization and read-out of nuclear spins with a spin coherence time of 2 ms in a Eu³⁺ molecular crystal is demonstrated with radio-frequency control, providing coherent nuclear spin manipulation for quantum information technologies.

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy, a rare human disease that induces microcephaly, is caused by high levels of chromosomal instability. Authors unravel a major contribution of proteostasis failure and mitochondria dysfunction in a Drosophila model of this disease.

The brain generates high-dimensional representations of complex sensory environments and concurrently predicts expected stimuli. Here the authors show that neural circuits that perform these computations exhibit desegregated representations of sensory stimuli and prediction errors.

Lineages within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex display differences in virulence and drug susceptibility patterns. Here, Banaei-Esfahani et al. compare strains from two lineages and show that small genetic variations are associated with lineage-specific differences in gene expression networks, metabolism, and tolerance to bedaquiline.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal human disease driven by the accumulation of apoptosis-resistant fibroblasts that impede homeostatic lung repair. Here, the authors show that elevated BCL-2 expression in fibroblasts drives their survival and senescence prolonging fibrosis in mice, while BCL-2 inhibition reverses persistent fibrosis.

Plasma ctDNA testing for FGFR alterations in metastatic urothelial carcinoma shows high concordance with tissue testing and identifies additional patients with actionable alterations. Here, the authors show that clinical uptake of ctDNA FGFR testing can be combined with tissue-based approaches.

The study demonstrates dynamic stabilization of a mechanical oscillator switching between two unstable modes using time-modulated stiffness and damping. It provides theoretical and experimental evidence of antiresonance windows, enabling stability without any stable mode or average.

The authors uncover a noncanonical role for Arabidopsis POT1b in maintaining genome stability through ROS regulation, establishing an unexpected connection between telomere biology and cellular oxidative stress.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

Precision oncology requires access to high quality data, as well as the application of current technologies. Here, the authors use federated learning to predict clinical outcomes in anal cancer patients across 16 centres as part of the atomCAT consortium.

Cytoplasmic dsRNA co-localizes with TDP-43 inclusions in Alzheimer’s disease brain cells, driving neurotoxic interferon signaling. JAK inhibitors and TYK2 blockade rescue this toxicity, identifying TYK2 as a target for TDP-43-linked AD and ALS.

Photocatalysts for methane conversion can suffer from inefficient charge carrier diffusion, limiting their effectiveness. Here the authors exploit the insulator–metal transition in VO₂ to create an electronic phase junction, enhancing the non-oxidative conversion of methane into hydrogen, ethane and propane, with peak efficiency at the transition’s critical temperature.

The CCTG PA.7 randomized phase II trial compared chemotherapy with and without dual immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, the authors report long-term survival and exploratory analysis of the CCTG PA.7 trial, identifying a pattern of mutations linked to improved immunotherapy response.