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While AI has the potential to improve accuracy and efficiency in breast cancer diagnosis, it remains to be sufficiently tested in complex real-world clinical scenarios. Here, the authors develop BIRD, an end-to-end AI system for breast cancer recognition from ultrasound images, which is tested across large, diverse, and international cohorts.

The efficiency of organic-based luminescent materials is often affected by non-radiative transitions, leading to fluorescence quenching for solid-state materials. Here, the authors study a facile yet versatile conceptual approach to fabricate luminescent materials that suppress non-radiative transitions.

Molecular characteristics of amniote lineages can inform evolutionary inference. Here, the authors present a single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of the chicken, which is applied to compare immune cells of chicken, turtle, duck and human, determining similarities and distinctions across amniote immune system evolution.

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerisations are highly sensitive to oxygen and inhibitors, hindering their industrial application. Here, the authors report a heterogeneous phenanthroline-based conjugated hypercrosslinked polymer photocatalyst for photoinduced copper-catalysed atom transfer radical polymerisations, achieving high oxygen and inhibitor tolerance.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease driven by aberrant fibroblast activation, but the underlying metabolic changes remain unclear. Here, the authors show that dysregulated branched chain amino acid metabolism promotes lung fibrosis and can be therapeutically targeted.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular diversity, yet existing models often lack regulatory awareness and scalability. Here, the authors develop RegFormer, a GRN-informed foundation model that improves single-cell analysis, genetic perturbation modelling, and drug response prediction.

This study found that severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome increased in Anhui, China in 2019–2023 and was highest in central and southern areas. Farmers and older adults were most affected, peaking in spring to early autumn.

Tau aggregates disrupt heterochromatin by sequestering H3K9me3, reactivating transposable elements. This generates Z-RNAs, activating ZBP1 to drive neuronal death. ZBP1 haploinsufficiency reverses cognitive decline in aged tau mice, offering a therapeutic target for tauopathies.

Here, the authors present an integrated microneedle-based electrochemiluminescence device designed for real-time detection of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

The study develops a lightweight vision model for monitoring transmission lines, integrating hazard detection, depth transformation, pose estimation, and point cloud structure sparsification to enhance real-time hazard detection and distance measurement, validated in diverse terrains and weather conditions.

Solid-state organic optical limiters for laser protection suffer from aggregation quenching. Here, the authors use coordination-bond anchoring strategy to overcome this and achieve an enhancement of nonlinear absorption coefficient.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Phagocytic cells engulf bacteria as part of defence against infection, but intracellular bacteria could exploit these cells for transportation to new infection sites. Here the authors describe a neuroinvasion mechanism by which intracellular bacteria infect and metabolically transform a specific macrophage subtype, which then propagates and transports them through the blood-brain barrier without disrupting it.

Telemedicine platforms are reshaping intercity healthcare by extending virtual care beyond local and provincial boundaries. This study finds that China’s intercity telemedicine system reinforces core–periphery hierarchies while enabling new gateway cities.

Skeletal muscle fiber type is key to metabolic health. Zhou et al. reveal that the protein BRD4 dictates muscle fiber identity, blocking it promotes energy-burning slow fibers and prevents obesity in mice, offering a new target for metabolic disease.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

The authors investigated metabolic remodeling in response to stem cell activation and the effect of aging on this response. Aging muscle stem cells lose a key glutamine-fueled metabolic pathway that powers de novo lipogenesis needed for activation. This study shows that reductive TCA cycling helps preserve stem cell function and may offer a new target against sarcopenia.

Hu et al. show that the transmembrane glycoprotein CD98hc in cerebral endothelial cells regulates the integrin–FAK signaling pathway, thereby promoting angiogenesis and maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity.

RASSF4 associates with PKD2 to enhance its channel function and suppress RAS/MAPK signaling, mitigating polycystic kidney disease phenotypes and highlighting a potential therapeutic target for ADPKD.

PRIME-In couples a prime edited donor template with either single or paired genomic nicks to enable precise integration of even large constructs into human cells, as exemplified by high-efficiency integration of a 3-kb CAR construct in T cells.

A graphene-inspired porous polymer network acts as a molecular sieve, efficiently separating ethane from ethylene and purifying methane. Its finely tuned pores deliver record selectivity, offering a new path toward cleaner and energy-efficient natural gas processing.

Rawal, Kwon and colleaugues obtain cryo-electron microscopy structures and biochemical analyses that reveal how RAD51 paralog exchange remodels distinct complexes with different functions to regulate DNA repair by promoting RAD51 filament formation.

Selective C–F functionalization of polyfluoroarenes remains a considerable challenge, particularly for controlled and sequential substitution. Now it has been shown that reactivity-tunable pyridine-boryl radicals enable sequential and versatile C–F transformations through a link-and-lose pathway, allowing hydro- and deuterodefluorination, defluorinative arylation and alkylation with spectroscopic observation of key radical intermediates.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Catalytic access to axially chiral diaryl ethers remains limited by the difficulty of enantioselective C–O bond formation. Now peptide-mimic phosphonium salts enable atroposelective nucleophilic aromatic substitution-driven C–O bond construction, affording axially enantioenriched diaryl ethers.

Fabricating coloured radiative cooling coatings that are easy to produce and do not compromise cooling performance is challenging. Ying Liu et al. develop a one-step fabrication method that yields coloured ethyl cellulose coatings while preserving high solar reflectance.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Poisonous plants encroachment in grasslands shows stage-dependent ecological thresholds, with early losses in root productivity and biodiversity but partial recovery of multifunctionality beyond 50% coverage, based on analyses of 20 ecosystem variables across 465 standardized field plots.

Prime editing using non-canonical prime editing guide RNAs, where the reverse transcription template and primer binding site is integrated within the single guide RNA loops rather than attached to the 3′ ends of CRISPR–Cas guide RNAs, increases editing efficiency.

Fang et al. report a scalable solution-soaking quenching technique to enable uniform passivation of large-area wide-bandgap perovskite films, resulting in 10.13 cm² solar modules with 20.32% efficiency, prolonged lifespan, and applications in tandem solar windows, transparent agrivoltaics, and portable power systems.

He et al. report that the host-derived macrophages/monocytes enhanced malaria transmission by reducing the abundance of transmission-blocking microbiota in mosquito midgut via SRA-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, the depletion of macrophages/monocytes or the use anti-SR-A neutralizing antibodies significantly enhances the transmission-blocking efficacy of anti-Pfs25 monoclonal antibodies.