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Using mouse models, the authors show that loss of Keap1 in adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs) impairs quiescence maintenance in a sex-specific manner and reveal non-canonical roles of Keap1/Nrf2 in quiescence maintenance and early activation of MuSCs.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

Huang, Cao and Liu compile a dataset of 3,534 profiles of members of China’s national academies to trace academic exchanges over 120 years and find evidence for a decline in foreign-educated academics.

The ring-opening polymerization of CO2-derived EVP, a cyclic lactone, struggles with poor thermodynamics and kinetics. Here, the authors convert EVP to a thionolactone and demonstrate that S/O and vinyl isomerization enhances the polymerization activity and enables the rapid synthesis of high-molecular-weight CO2-based polythioesters.

Signalosomes amplify cellular responses, but how they avoid uncontrolled activation is unclear. The authors use quantitative super-resolution imaging and mathematical modeling to reveal optimal RIP3:RIP1 ratios that ensure precise cell death signaling.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

The authors present a 3D map of nearly all cells in C. elegans embryos, revealing how cell shape, size, and fate change over time. They show how Notch and Wnt signaling, along with mechanical forces, influence development, including organ formation.

Multiple diversity facets contribute to forest ecosystem functioning. Here the authors investigate spatial patterns and predictors of forest tree species richness and structural diversity across China and project potential trends under future climate scenarios.

Elebsiran plus PEG-IFNα improved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss rates compared with PEG-IFNα alone in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Furthermore, prior response to the BRII-179 vaccine was associated with higher HBsAg clearance, suggesting its potential as a predictive tool for identifying patients more likely to benefit from therapies.

The leather industry is at a pivotal moment on its path towards sustainability. Although many bio-based leather alternatives can reduce environmental impact, we need clear definitions of such alternatives to guide materials innovations that truly bring them into the mainstream, sustainable market, as highlighted in a recent court ruling.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

The time-varying effective reproductive number (Rt) is useful for monitoring transmission of infections such as COVID-19, but reporting delays impact case count-based estimation methods. Here, the authors demonstrate and validate a method for estimation of Rt based on viral load data from Hong Kong that does not require accurate daily counts.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

The reactivity and ligandability of arginine within the human proteome have been largely unexplored despite it being involved in various biological functions. Now, arginine reactivity and ligandability have been mapped across the proteome, revealing hyper-reactive sites and identifying residues that control liquid–liquid phase separation, protein activity and protein–protein interactions.

The extracellular matrix is remodeled to form complex interconnected network structures that regulate stem cell behaviors. Here, the authors modulate extracellular matrix-like networks using magnetic nano-blockers, adjusting stem cell behavior by changing ligand inter-cluster connectivity. This dynamic system provides new insights into cell-material interactions for tissue regeneration.

Liu, Chen, Yang et al. investigate the effect of GLP-1 receptor activation on ovarian cancer risk across different subtypes. They show that it specifically lowers the risk of one subtype, endometrioid ovarian cancer, mediated in part by specific metabolic factors.

A systematic screen identifies RNA elements that enhance the stability and translation of base-modified mRNA.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

Nguyen et al. show that the splenic environment provides sequential signals via lymphotoxin and retinoic acid that guide cDC2A development and retention.

Achieving wireless and high charge density neural stimulation remains challenging. To address this issue, the authors develop a sonocapacitor from piezoelectric-dielectric composite nanospheres and two-dimensional cellulose.

A mechanism is uncovered that results in fetal hepatocytes having a paracrine role in providing genome protection to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

China’s dramatic demographic shift toward population aging raises challenges at the individual, familial and societal levels. Fang et al. review these challenges and emerging policies designed to promote healthy longevity in China.

Hydrogen oxidation in alkaline media is limited by slow reaction kinetics. Here, the authors develop a family of bimetallic catalysts by theoretical analysis and reveal that RuIr achieves superior activity and durability through synergistic adsorption of hydrogen and hydroxyl intermediates.

This work reports the growth of inch-scale diamond wafers with a hardness of 208.3 GPa via high-frequency pulsed local non-equilibrium CVD, revealing a stacking-fault-driven ultrahard mechanism.

An observed air pollution peak in Hong Kong originated from a plume of the Taal volcano in the Philippines, according to a modelling study combining ground-based and satellite data.

This work demonstrates superadiabatic topological pumping on photonic chips, achieving a 20-fold device miniaturization and high-efficiency operation across a 650–920 nm bandwidth, paving the way for ultracompact integrated photonic transports.

Using ethnically and geographically diverse metagenomic data, the authors identify microbiota alterations associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They discover universal IBD-associated bacteria, which serve as the basis for a multibacteria biomarker panel that could support a noninvasive tool for IBD diagnosis.

Spatial multi-omics profiles multiple molecular modalities in the native spatial context. Here, authors introduce MultiGATE, a deep learning tool with a two-level graph attention auto-encoder, to integrate these data to uncover cross-modality regulatory interactions and improve spatial clustering.

The synthesis of heavily substituted chiral cyclopropanes presents a significant challenge in organic chemistry due to the inherent strain and steric congestion of these three-membered rings. Here, the authors report a highly enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of trisubstituted alkenes via a sulfoxonium-Rh-carbene intermediate, resulting in the formation of highly congested penta-substituted chiral cyclopropanes.

Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect humans, but the extent of spillover isn’t well studied. Here the authors develop a serological test that distinguishes exposure to rat HEV from other HEV infection and show substantial spillover in a biodiversity hotspot in China. The method can support surveillance of rat HEV.

The rational design of efficient propylene epoxidation catalysts is hindered by the unclear catalytic mechanism. Here, using in-situ spectroscopy to probe the supported single-Ag-atom catalyst, the authors report a dual-site synergistic mechanism for the electrocatalytic propylene epoxidation.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Beiging and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) is an important adaptive response to cold exposure, but how the brain senses cold and subsequently induces beiging remains unclear. Here, the authors show that sympathetic nerves stimulate lymph nodes to release IL-33, thereby mediating cold-induced beiging of WAT.

Regulation of ice growth and ice growth inhibition are critical and different materials mimicking anti freeze proteins or ice binding surfaces have been developed. Here, the authors combine both concepts in a hyperbranched polyglycerols to change the ice growth activity.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Detection of somatic mobile element insertions (MEIs), particularly those with low mosaicism, remains a significant challenge. This study presents RetroNet, a deep learning method that transforms sequencing reads into images to detect somatic MEIs, enabling accurate discovery of rare insertions with very low read support.

Cross-linkable co-SAMs improve hole-selective SAM stability, preventing defects and thermal degredation in perovskite solar cells, enabling 26.92% efficiency with high heat durability, and guiding the design of more efficient and durable solar cells.

Mammary gland resident macrophages are known to be crucial components of the mammary stem cell niche. Here, the authors show that CXCR4⁺ macrophages form a niche that regulates the tumor-initiating activity of breast cancer cells and induces early immune evasion through the recruitment of regulatory T cells.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Semi-metallic single crystals of antimony can be deposited using molecular beam epitaxy on molybdenum disulfide to create ohmic contacts with resistance of under 100 Ω µm at a contact length of 18 nm.