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Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Insights into the mechanism by which phosphatidylserine functions as a non-classical inhibitory molecule during T cell exhaustion, and how phosphatidylserine-targeting antibodies enhance T cell responses are explored.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Stem cell therapy for retinal degeneration shows promise but waning efficacy. Here, authors show that grafted hNPCs remodel in the degenerating retina, with reduced graft-host communication and trophic signaling, highlighting the importance of the host environment for long term efficacy.

Merlin, a vision–language foundation model trained on a large dataset of paired CT scans, patient record data and radiology reports, demonstrates strong performance across model architectures, diagnostic and prognostic tasks, and external sites.

The functions of the vast majority of brain-expressed spliced isoforms are unknown. Here the authors describe an isoform-resolution perturbation system coupled to a single cell transcriptomics read-out, and through this approach identify neuronal microexons that control autism-linked signatures underlying neuronal maturation and function

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) can boost the precursor exhausted T cell population thought to be essential for efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy. Here the authors enhance this cellular network using Flt3L to expand cDC1s and then map the movement of T cells and DCs between tumors and lymph nodes.

The underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and axonal damage in progressive multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, authors show proteomics results of human progressive multiple sclerosis brain tissues and found extracellular matrix proteins (annexin, S100, AHNAK families) were enriched in lesions and white matter.

In cohort 4 of the ILUSTRO trial, combination of anti-CLDN18.2 zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 and nivolumab in patients with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma led to encouraging clinical efficacy, supporting the testing of this combination in a phase 3 trial.

Turley, Buechler and colleagues show that dermatopontin-expressing fibroblasts provide CSF1 to form a supportive niche for skin-resident macrophages. This interaction is important for skin tissue architecture and wound healing.

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.

Liu, Liu, Wu and Yao et al. developed a peptide inhibitor that selectively blocks the Ada-two-A-containing histone complex by targeting the YEATS2 YEATS domain and suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Arginine methylation by PRMTs is dysregulated in cancer. Here, the authors use functional genomics screens and identify PRMT1 as a vulnerability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and further show that PRMT1 regulates RNA metabolism and coordinates expression of genes in cell cycle progression, maintaining genomic stability and tumour growth.

What prevents a generalist predator from evolving and outperforming specialist predators? By combing analyses of natural variation with experimental evolution, Stewart et al. suggest that predator variation persists because most mutations have prey-specific effects, which results in relaxed selection

Using deep sequencing of human carotid plaque cells from male and female patients with carotid stenosis, Sukhavasi et al. identify sex-biased cell-type-specific gene-regulatory networks and different phenotypes in smooth muscle cells, including an osteogenic phenotype in females and a chondrocytic phenotype in males.

The protein p53 responds to DNA damage and intracellular infection by activating pathways that arrest the cell cycle, repair DNA, and elicit apoptosis. Here, Allen et al. show that the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi inhibits p53 expression and protects host cells from DNA damage, thus delaying apoptosis and favouring bacterial replication.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Detecting relevant odours from background odours is important for animal behaviour. Here the authors design a task to study this process in mice.

The presence of all canonical nucleobases in samples from Bennu has previously provided evidence that some of life’s ingredients were synthesized abiotically in the parent body of this asteroid and/or its precedent components. Here, the authors extend research on the distribution of nucleobases and other N-heterocycles in Bennu by using a larger sample and an updated analytical protocol, reporting the concentrations of a diverse suite of N-heterocycles including nucleobases and their precursors extracted from a homogenized Bennu sample.

By integrating DNA genotype and RNA sequencing data from human samples, d’Escamard et al. identify a gene regulatory co-expression supernetwork that plays an important role in fibromuscular dysplasia, a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult females.

Antigen presentation in skull bone marrow by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induces myelopoiesis and generates CD4⁺ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of ependymoma, promoting immune tolerance. Treatment with anti-GM-CSF antibody has antitumor effects that are augmented by immunotherapy.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Pcm1 bridges centrosome asymmetry and polarized endosome trafficking to regulate radial glia progenitor fate decisions, balancing self-renewal and differentiation in zebrafish and human cortical organoids.

Accorsi et al. show that the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata has eyes similar to humans and can fully regenerate them. They then developed genetic tools to establish these snails as a novel model system to study the mechanisms of eye regeneration

JWST’s COSMOS-Web survey is used to create an ultra-high-detail dark matter map, revealing hidden filaments, clusters and distant structures. By tracing features out to z = 2, this map shows how dark and luminous matter build the cosmic web across cosmic time.

An analysis of rare genetic variants identifies three genes—MAP1A, ANO8 and ANK2—that have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigates the potential underlying biological mechanisms.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

Gain-of-function mutations in CTNNB1 (encoding for b-catenin) leading to deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling are frequently observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here the authors show that inhibiting b-catenin with lipid nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA targeting CTNNB1 impairs tumor growth and promotes anti-tumor immunity in preclinical HCC models.

Mammalian oocytes and embryos undergo major epigenetic changes. Here, genome-wide mapping of the histone variant H2A.Z across mouse oogenesis and early embryogenesis reveals distinct maternal, embryonic and persistent enrichment patterns, linking histone variant dynamics to epigenetic inheritance, repeats and developmental reprogramming.

Rettkowski, Romero-Mulero et al. show that myocardial infarction impacts bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells and leads to inflammatory myelopoiesis, which can be dampened by treatment with 4-oxo-retinoic acid, promoting cardiac recovery.

Severe sepsis has a high mortality rate. Here, the authors provide genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data across four sepsis-causing pathogens and identify a signature of global increase in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis as well as cholesterol acquisition.

Mechanical fatigue occurs under cyclic stress much lower than the tensile strength, but this has not been investigated for 2D materials. Here, graphene is found to have a fatigue life of 10⁹ cycles.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread herpesvirus linked to cancer and autoimmune disease. The authors in this work design and characterize a stabilized prefusion form of gB, an essential viral fusion protein, advancing EBV vaccine and therapeutic development.

This study projects the private costs and monetized climate and health damages of electrifying long-haul heavy-duty diesel trucks. Battery electric trucks yield net positive societal benefits by 2035, contingent on policies that accelerate adoption.

The acidophilic fungus Acrodontium crateriforme is present in traps of the carnivorous plant Drosera spatulata and promotes prey digestion.

The interaction between the host immune response and the component organisms forming the microbiota is critical during homeostatic but all pathological contexts. Here the authors use a multi-omics spatial approach to dissect and characterise host and microbiome in a murine model of intestinal inflammation.

The transient reactivation of ETV2 in adult human endothelial cells reprograms these cells to become adaptable vasculogenic endothelia that in three-dimensional matrices self-assemble into vascular networks that can transport blood and physiologically arborize organoids and decellularized tissues.

A complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) imager that has a 512-pixel silicon image sensor post-processed into a 4.1-mm-long, 120-μm-wide shank with a collinear fibre for illumination can be used to record transient fluorescent signals in deep brain regions at 400 frames per second.

Michaelson et al. report that human SYNGAP1 variation alters touch-related sensory processing. Studies in Syngap1 mice revealed circuit-specific impairments in the somatosensory cortex that underlie reduced cortical activation in response to touch.

Silane, which is a precursor to the sandy surfaces of rocky planets and dusty clouds on gas giants, is seen directly in another world—a low-metallicity brown dwarf in which oxidation is slow and gas mixing is fast.

Metastasis-initiating cells can reawaken from a dormant state that initially allowed them to survive, triggering metastatic outgrowth. Here, authors show that loss of Brd7 promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that drives breast cancer metastatic reawakening from dormancy in the lung.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Polyamines produced by gut bacteria have been proposed to contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, Nauta et al. show that bacteria can produce a noncanonical polyamine intermediate that functions similarly to deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitors, activates mitochondrial stress responses, and inhibits nematode development and mouse macrophage differentiation.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Post-growth scholarship seeks to address the limitations of growth-oriented mitigation scenarios by exploring the potential of profound socio-economic transformations. This Perspective synthesizes core principles for modelling post-growth futures.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

The human endoderm-derived organoid cell atlas (HEOCA) presents an integrative analysis of single-cell transcriptomes across different conditions, sources and protocols. It compares cell types and states between models, and harmonizes cell annotations through mapping to primary tissues.