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Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in acidic wastewater offers a route to produce ammonia, but faces efficiency challenges. Here, the authors report a Ru/WO_3-x catalyst that uses a proton-management strategy to achieve high ammonia production and enables a device that recovers energy.

Optimizing ultra-intense lasers requires precise spatiotemporal measurements, but their single-shot operation makes this highly challenging. The authors introduce SIFAST, a novel technique combining a fiber array and spectral interferometry to capture the complete 3D structure of a laser pulse in a single shot.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

By using analogue in-memory computing technology to integrate edge computing and wireless communication into a learnable system, communication-aware in-memory wireless neural networks can be created that can adapt to different wireless conditions.

Zhang et al. introduce FedLG, a federated graph learning framework that leverages Lanczos-based projection to effectively aggregate heterogeneous molecular data. Extensive benchmarks demonstrate its robustness across diverse molecular discovery tasks.

Using structural and biochemical methods, Liang et al. revealed a C-terminal glutamine-end recognition mechanism of TRIM7 E3 ligases, which enables identification of substrates for TRIM7 and provides insight into the versatile functions of TRIM7 in viral infection and the C-degron pathway.

Osteoporosis was revealed to pyroptosis-related inflammation. Here, the authors show multifunctional microsphere can retard osteoporosis by restoring bone homeostasis thorough pyroptosis blockade and hydrogen-mediated modulation of inflammation.

Soil-based compound dry-hot extremes represent a critical yet underappreciated driver of ecosystem stress. This study shows that their frequency and coverage area have increased markedly in China due to anthropogenic soil warming, which may pose growing adverse impacts on vegetation productivity.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

Current radiative coating strategies only consider reducing CO₂ emissions in service stage. Here, the authors present a life‑cycle–based design using a carbon‑negative filler and durable resin, achieving CO₂ reductions across the entire lifespan compared to the commercial reflective cooling baseline.

This work proposes an oxygen octahedron tilt framework strategy to design high performance lead-free relaxors by introducing a complex BO₆ tilt system and additional local random elastic field, resulting in high energy storage properties.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

This work shows that by designing appropriate alloying elements in a body-centred-cubic high-entropy alloy, local chemical order and lattice distortion can be tuned, which influences the evolution of planar-slip bands, realizing pure-metal-like tensile ductility at gigapascal yield strength.

Functional proteomics enhances cancer research by identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, the authors develop a cancer functional proteomics resource and introduce a resource using reverse phase protein arrays and antibodies targeting key pathways. To improve accessibility, they introduce DrBioRight, an AI-powered platform for intuitive data analysis and visualization.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Intestinal mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycosylated protein that maintains intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) integrity. Here, the authors show that reduced intestinal MUC1 levels and glycosylation facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression by impairing IEB integrity, via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and NEDD4-mediated lysosomal degradation of MUC1 (triggered by decreased glycosylation).

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

This study demonstrated that distinct antidepressant therapies act on a common brain network. It explains previous heterogeneous findings across therapies and may be adopted to guide precision repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been recognized as a potential cancer therapeutic approach but its effect on tumor growth is limited. This study demonstrates that response to IF varies between glioblastoma subtypes, with IF specifically inhibiting Tp53-driven glioblastoma due to a reshaping of the gut microbiota and subsequent altered methionine metabolism suppressing TGF- β signaling.

Developing porous crystalline materials with tailored properties is challenging because of the vast design space and the high cost of screening. Now, highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks have been identified through an AI-assisted iterative experiment–learning cycle workflow that integrates electronic configuration and quantum-level insights into the learning process.

Two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic materials can achieve efficient integration with ferroelectric materials. The authors propose a strain-modulation strategy based on multiferroic heterostructure Fe₃GaTe₂/P(VDF-TrFE) to achieve low power operation.

Dirac semimetals have been proposed as parent materials for other topologically non-trivial phases such as Weyl semimetals, achieved by the breaking of time reversal symmetry. Here the authors use transport measurements to evidence such behaviour in single crystal Cd₃As₂under an applied magnetic field.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The catalytic enantioconvergent N-alkylation of hydrazine derivatives with alkyl halides offers an attractive route to chiral hydrazines, but remains challenging due to the lack of efficient asymmetric catalytic systems and the difficulty in achieving regioselectivity. Herein, the authors report the copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent N-alkylation of hydrazine derivatives with racemic α-haloamides.

Valorizing plastic waste remains a major challenge due to its severe environmental impact. Here, the authors report a CuCo/CoOₓ catalyst constructed via stepwise hydrogen spillover, enabling near-quantitative conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate to p-xylene.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

A van der Waals heterostructure made from atomic layers of ferroelectric CuCrP₂S₆ and ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ can offer reversible, non-volatile ferroelectric control of two-dimensional magnetism.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Maintaining facial warmth and humidity while ensuring adequate oxygen intake in cold environments is challenging for facial masks. Here, the authors design a MetaMask that recovers heat and moisture from exhaled air to warm inhaled air to 26.2 °C in a − 20 °C environment, while maintaining sufficient oxygen levels.

An asymmetric double-layer C-shaped diode chain structure that can adjust the local electromagnetic field distribution can be used to create a terahertz device with a frequency doubling efficiency of 38%.

Here, the authors perform a large scale profiling of human gut prophages, revealing prophage-encoded disease-specific gene shifts, and further showing that prophage-encoded gene depleted in IBD helps reduce gut inflammation via oligosaccharide synthesis.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

A polyamine-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) overcomes traditional direct air capture limitations with rapid CO₂ adsorption kinetics and high capacity, offering a promising solution for efficient carbon capture and sustainable climate mitigation.

As a result of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), many fluorophores show only weak emission when incorporated into covalent organic frameworks. Here, the authors report the development of emissive COFs from ACQ chromophores by an energy level matching strategy.

The authors construct a room-temperature multiferroic heterostructure system based on P(VDFTrFE)/Fe3GaTe2, achieving a reversible electrically regulated transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

Phase transitions in Na layered transition metal oxide materials involving slab gliding and considerable lattice parameter changes limit the battery cycling life, especially at high voltages. Here, authors pre-engineer 15.8% O-type stacking faults to a P-type Na0.7Mn0.8Ni0.2O2, improving stability and enabling an electrode specific energy of 635 Wh kg-1 with 600-cycle life.