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By post-tuning the GQD primitive membrane through heat treatment and in-situ crosslinking of small molecule amines, the as-prepared membrane achieved excellent CO₂ separation performance and was further extended to the C₃H₆/C₃H₈ separation system.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

It is currently challenging to identify the Blood-brain barrier (BBB) status using non-contrast MR images due to lack of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA)-induced features. Here the authors find that the contrast-free BBB status identification model (CBSI) overcomes such limitations due to its ability to perform comparably to the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1Gd) magnetic resonance (MR) model as well as its generalizability potential.

Hierarchical nanostructures in ferroelectric ceramics greatly enhance light-driven strain, yielding a photostriction rate two orders higher than conventional bulk materials and enabling remote ultrasonic sensing for structural health monitoring.

How metabolic changes regulate human endoderm differentiation remains unclear. Here, the authors show that a TGFβ-driven metabolic switch reduces lactate production and enhances the TCA cycle, which controls ATP-dependent BAF complex activity to promote definitive endoderm differentiation.

In osteoporotic fracture-related infection (FRI), coordinated bone healing is compromised by cortical bone lysis and persistent bacterial colonization. Here, Li et al. report a dual-action nanocomposite bisphosphonates hydrogel for treatment of osteoporotic FRI that preserves cortical bone integrity and restores fracture healing.

Deep brain stimulation tuned to cue-reactivity within the nucleus accumbens region reduced drug cravings, heralding an evocation-based programming strategy for opioid use disorder.

He, Ying et al. develop an explainable deep learning framework that combines post-hoc explainable AI and expert domain knowledge for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes management. This framework improves clinical decision-making, especially for junior clinicians, and may facilitate broader clinical adoption of AI-assisted decision-making tools.

Yin et al. report linear conjugated polymer donors with chlorinated backbone for modulating polymer aggregation and surface tension, and optimised compatibility with norfullerene acceptors. By using binary blends, a 20.42% efficiency is achieved for organic solar cells.

A general stereospecific glycosylation is developed that is applicable across a range of monosaccharides. A directing-group-on-leaving-group strategy allows mild donor activation and enables the complete inversion of anomeric configuration with excellent yields. This method can be applied in multistep oligosaccharide syntheses and automated glycan assembly.

The longevity of leaves determines the overall duration of photosynthesis for plants. This study suggests that climate change drives leaf longevity convergence toward intermediate ranges, which, by altering leaf traits and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, strengthens ecosystem stability and is closely linked to vegetation diversity.

Multifunctional underwater sensors with integrated self-powered signal transmission, effective thermal-moisture regulation, and multi-signal decoupling are desirable of underwater tasks. Here, the authors report a three-dimensional thermoelectric device composed of porous polyurethane foam coated with a waterproof conductive layer for human-machine interaction in aquatic settings.

Foamy macrophages are key to atherosclerosis but poorly understood. Here, the authors show that GPNMB regulates lipoprotein processing in macrophages, exacerbating pathological lipid accumulation, and revealing it as a therapeutic target whose inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate with both high catalytic selectivity and stability remains challenging. Here, the authors report high-performance CO₂ electroreduction for molar-scale formate electrosynthesis at kilowatt-scale power by stabilizing bismuth subcarbonate with copper.

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis is hindered by slow proton-feeding kinetics. Here, authors report bio-inspired B coordinated Ni-based metal-organic frameworks to accelerate water dissociation, achieving industrial-level hydrogen peroxide production.

The synthesis of ¹⁸F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is difficult and typically requires anhydrous conditions. Here, the authors developed organophosphine precursors that allow for quick, high-yield synthesis of ¹⁸F-labeled probes in either organic solvents or aqueous media.

Liquid films are essential in semiconductor lithography but microscopic behaviors of photoresist within these films remain unclear. This study uses cryo-electron tomography to reconstruct photoresist structures, achieving 99% defect reduction.

Influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) are essential for replication and transcription. Here, authors solve the cryo-EM structure of influenza mini-vRNP to reveal detailed FluPol–NP–RNA coupling and suggest a conformational shift in RNPs during the viral life cycle.

Interlayer coupling between two-dimensional materials is known to result in interesting physical properties. Here, the authors study the effect of a twist angle between two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide on interlayer coupling, observing an indirect bandgap, the size of which depends on the twist angle.

Using sacrificial salts to enhance sodium-ion batteries is hampered by practical issues. Here, authors demonstrate a solvent-free dry-processing method that ensures complete salt decomposition for major gains in energy density and lifespan.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Mesenchymal condensation is essential for cartilage development. Here, the authors report on a cell-adaptable supramolecular hydrogel to replicate the hypoxic environment and structural support needed for cartilage organoid formation and study the metabolic reprogramming involved.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is assembled through liquid–liquid phase separation and directed phase transition. Now—inspired by tropoelastin—a designer minimalistic model incorporating alternating hydrophobic moieties and crosslinking domains can template the assembly of a biomimetic matrix that mimics the ECM, promoting the mechanosensing of stem cells.

A circular economy approach applied to the global lithium-ion battery supply chain shows that combining cross-regional cooperation on technology and trade with regionally tailored domestic circular economy policies yields the highest global emission reduction.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes are used to treat bone defects, but face challenges in regulating the immune microenvironment. Here, Yang et al. report a Janus collagen-based barrier membrane that modulates the osteoimmune microenvironment to effectively promote bone regeneration.

The authors perform meta-analysis of GWAS studies for asthma from multiancestral cohorts. They identify five new loci and find that the asthma-associated loci are enriched near enhancer marks in immune cells.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.