Search

Streptomyces venezuelae requires MreB1-dependent dispersed peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis and DivIVA-mediated polar cell wall synthesis during its rapid exploratory growth phase.

Muscularis macrophages, housekeepers of enteric nervous system integrity and intestinal homeostasis, modulate α-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in models of Parkinson’s disease, and understanding the accompanying mechanisms could pave the way for early-stage biomarkers.

Surface proteins are shown to be routed to the outer Gram-positive cell-wall surface by entropy.

New hominin fossils from the Grotte à Hominidés at Thomas Quarry I (ThI-GH) in Casablanca, Morocco, dated to around 773 thousand years ago are similar in age to Homo antecessor, yet are morphologically distinct.

This study reveals that an outer membrane protein from the predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus forms a pentameric assembly that traps a lipid monolayer within. This allows the discovery of two superfamilies, distributed across a wide range of bacteria, likely to adopt a similar architecture.

Ischemic heart disease causes irreversible damage due to poor cardiomyocyte renewal. Here, the authors show that PKM2 modRNA therapy in pigs drives cardiomyocyte proliferation, minimizes fibrosis, restores cardiac function and prevents heart failure after injury.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

The anterior cingulate cortex encodes affective pain behaviours modulated by opioids; targeting opioid-sensitive neurons through a new chemogenetic gene therapy replicates the analgesic effects of morphine, providing precise chronic pain relief without affecting sensory detection.

Surgical menopause occurs in premenopausal women who undergo radical cystectomy with bilateral oophorectomy to treat bladder cancer. This Review discusses the pathophysiology of surgical menopause in these patients and highlights current strategies to mitigate associated symptoms and long-term health risks.

The use of ferroelectric materials in memory device applications is held back by low retention times. Here, the authors demonstrate that by intentionally introducing defective nanoregions which increase the activation field for domain wall motion, retention times larger than a year can be achieved.

Despite observed routinely from spacecrafts landing on, e.g., lunar soil, the origin of radial streak patterns has been unclear up to now. Here, the authors report an experimental study of such instabilities in the coupled dynamics of rocket plumes and sand surfaces.

The authors demonstrate dual-probe multi-messenger imaging of high-energy-density plasmas based on laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. This enables spatiotemporally resolved simultaneous probing of plasma hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field evolution with both x-ray and electron beams.

Pavement cells in the epidermal layer of plant leaves are frequently used to study plant cell morphogenesis. Comprehensive mechanistic models are now developed to integrate the mechanisms underlying the process of symmetry breaking and lobe formation in pavement cells.

Magnetic vortices in thin ferromagnetic films possess a core with out-of-plane magnetization whose polarity can be manipulated by magnetic fields or currents for technological applications. Here, the authors demonstrate local control of the core polarity in NiFe films via an imprinted maze domain pattern.

The role of structural variants (SVs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been understudied. In this study, the authors leverage 859 high-quality, diverse, long-read assemblies to construct pangenome reference graphs (PRGs).

Hydro-responsive plant movements have provided inspiration for the design of adaptive materials. Harringtonet al. investigate the hydration-dependent unfolding of ice plant seed capsules and find an origami-like folding pattern, which could aid the development of biomimetic folding structures.

Array microscope with mirrored well plates enables automated, scalable 3D behavioral analysis of 48 zebrafish larvae in parallel, revealing complex kinematics and phenotypes missed by conventional 2D methods.

The potential roles of viruses in microbial-induced permafrost thaw, which is accelerated by climate change, are unclear. Here, Trubl et al. sample a permafrost thaw gradient and identify thousands of new viruses carrying genes with metabolic-related functions, which might influence the fate of stored carbon.

In a randomized phase 2 clinical trial, the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan improved cardiac structure and function in patients with early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition for which there are no effective therapies for modifying disease progression.

Examination of a complete structural phase diagram of twisted trilayer graphene shows that several large-scale moiré domain lattices can be formed, the physical properties of which can be tuned by the twist angles between layers.

Mass-wasting deposits that accumulated against mid-ocean ridge faults have high porosity in which calcium carbonate precipitated, storing seawater carbon dioxide, as revealed by cores of a 61-million-year-old seafloor talus deposit.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.

A preclinical covalent compound, CMX410, contains a aryl fluorosulfate warhead that targets the acyltransferase domain of Mtb Pks13, an essential enzyme in cell-wall biosynthesis, making it a promising candidate for tuberculosis treatment regimens.

During female gametogenesis in plants, the Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC) accumulates β−1,3-glucan. Here Pinto et al. show that increased β−1,3-glucanase in the MMC delays β−1,3-glucan deposition, disrupts cell identity, and halts gametogenesis.

A somatic niche embraces the female germline in cereal ovules. MADS31 precisely maintains developmental progression of this niche to support the germline by repressing the post-fertilization programme.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

The alarming growth of the antibiotic-resistant superbugs has created a demand for sensors that can investigate antibiotics and their modes of action. The label-free detection of the antibiotic vancomycin binding to mucopeptides on cantilever arrays, with 10 nM sensitivity and at clinically relevant concentrations in blood serum, could lead to improved biosensors and a better understanding of antibiotic drug action in bacteria.

The North American southwest was dustier during interglacial climates, in contrast with global trends. Long-term regional dust emissions depend on the erosion of hillslope and tributary sediments into alluvial, river, and playa dust sources downstream.

The filarial worm Brugia malayi has evolved a mutualistic association with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia. Here, Sounart et al describe a spatial transcriptomic technique that can spatially resolve these miniature specimens.

Cardiovascular function declines with age. In this study, the authors show that the BAT-derived lipokine 12,13-diHOME preserves cardiac function in aged mice by attenuating pathological CaMKII activity.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Lineage tracing in human tissue samples from gestational weeks 16 to 24 provides insight into lineage relationships between cortical cell types and shows a switch in progenitor output from glutamatergic to GABAergic neurons.

Here the authors develop MAJIQ v2 to address challenges in detection, quantification, and visualization of RNA splicing variations from large heterogeneous RNA-Seq datasets. They then apply it to analyze 2,335 samples from 13 brain subregions.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Weldy et al. show that smooth muscle expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 regulates activation of the double-stranded RNA sensor MDA5 in a novel mechanism of atherosclerosis.

DeBerge, Glinton et al. demonstrate that allograft inflammatory factor 1 promotes inflammatory glycolytic reprogramming in cardiac macrophages, leading to adverse remodeling and progression to heart failure after myocardial infarction.

Chemical reactions between slab and mantle rocks may lead to brittle failure where deep episodic tremor occurs in subduction zones, according to field and microstructural observations of a shear zone in New Zealand.

High resolution intravascular imaging in the brain is limited by the high tortuosity of the vasculature. Here the authors present a fiber optic imaging technology using high-frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT) to provide volumetric high resolution images in the highly tortuous cerebral vasculature.

Borophene, or 2D boron, is highly polymorphic with many predicted lattice arrangements, complicating the identification of its atomic structure. Here, the authors use functionalized-tip scanning probe microscopy to directly resolve the atomic lattice structures of several borophene polymorphs.

Pressure overload in the heart, such as from aortic stenosis, triggers early molecular changes before visible damage occurs. Here, the authors show that combining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genetic data reveals key drivers of heart failure, highlighting potential targets for treatment.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A combination of high-resolution spatial imaging, spatial proteomics and transcriptional data reveals sparse and heterogeneous bacterial signals in gliomas and brain metastases.

The authors study tunneling junctions in rhombohedral MoS₂ bilayers and correlate their performance with the local domain layout. They show that the switching behavior in sliding ferroelectrics is strongly dependent on the pre-existing domain structure.

A confocal scanning technique solves the reconstruction problem of non-line-of-sight imaging to give fast and high-quality reconstructions of hidden objects.