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Plant traits drive ecosystem dynamics yet are challenging to map globally due to sparse measurements. Here, the authors combine crowdsourced biodiversity observations with Earth observation data to accurately map 31 plant traits at 1 km² resolution.

Using two-photon microscopy with a panoramic virtual reality setup, how head direction cells in larval zebrafish integrate visual landmarks and optic flow to track orientation is revealed.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

The authors of this study map the human E3 ubiquitin ligome using a metric learning approach, revealing a unified classification framework that explains preserved patterns and functional segregation of E3 families, linking enzymes to substrates and drug interactions, and guiding strategies for targeted therapies.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Bruijns et al. present a modeling tool that enables the tracking of learning dynamics across subjects to reveal how behaviors emerge and adapt. Applying the tool to a decision-making task in mice uncovers similarities and differences across individuals.

Limiting phosphate concentrations could be a strategy to protect and sequester carbon dioxide as fucoidan, a polysaccharide produced by marine algae.

Tau protein has been observed to form condensates in various contexts. Here, the authors show that tau can form DNA-anchored droplets that organize nearby microtubules, pointing to a role in mitosis.

Current single-cell RNA sequencing methods struggle to comprehensively profile transcriptomes, with many lowly expressed transcripts remaining undetected. Here authors present a workflow for enhancing the detection of both transcripts and regions of interest in combination with a standard transcriptome profile.

GIRK channels are activated by Gβγ; quantitative aspects are debatable. Here, the authors measure interaction affinities in living cell membranes and uncover roles of Gγ prenylation and a Gβγ docking site in GIRK1 in efficient channel activation.

Candida auris can scavenge carbon dioxide from microenvironments through Nce103 to sustain fitness when colonizing human skin.

CRISPR activators are powerful tools for controlling gene expression, but they suffer from inconsistent efficacy and high toxicity. Here, authors develop a high-throughput method to test thousands of CRISPR activators, revealing distinct principles of activator biology and delivering improved tools.

Risk stratification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging. By combining multiplex immunofluorescence, H&E histology, and AI, the study identifies spatial “cell-niche” patterns that enhance survival prediction beyond UICC8 staging. These patterns reclassify many stage I patients as high risk, revealing potentially undertreated cases and establishing spatial tumor microenvironment features as clinically actionable biomarkers.

The spontaneous emergence of autocatalytic RNAs is central to origin of life. Here, the authors use machine learning, high-throughput screening and statistical physics to explore large neutral space of catalytic RNAs.

The predicted increase in frequency of droughts and rising temperatures in Europe will lead core populations of a temperate plant to an evolutionary dead-end unless they acquire genetic alleles that are present only in extreme edge Mediterranean, Scandinavian, or Siberian populations.

Population-scale WGS reveals genetic determinants of persistent EBV DNA, linking immune regulation—especially antigen processing and MHC class II variation—to EBV persistence and heterogeneous disease associations.

Aligning foundation models with human judgments enables them to more accurately approximate human behaviour and uncertainty across various levels of visual abstraction, while additionally improving their generalization performance.

DynamicAtlas integrates fixed and live imaging data to generate a morphodynamic atlas of Drosophila development.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

A refined spatial sampling technique transforms standard RNA sequencing into a spatial transcriptomics method.

How the mouse frontal cortex and striatum interact to implement integrator dynamics controlling movement timing is explored.

A benchmarking competition improves tools that predict how regulatory regions control gene expression.

Different agonists produce equilibria of at least four distinct active states of the G-protein-bound M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, each with a different ability to activate G proteins.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Salivary gland cancers (SGC) respond poorly to immunotherapies and new treatment strategies are needed. Here, the authors develop an integrated analysis of advanced SGC to characterize the immune microenvironment and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Clb2 is a B-type cyclin essential for mitotic progression. Here, the authors found that the CLB2 mRNA localizes to the yeast bud via a cis-acting ZIP-code and She2/She3 transport machinery. This spatial regulation ensures proper cyclin protein levels, whereas its mislocalization perturbs division timing and bud size control.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

Figge-Schlensok et al. show that leptin-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus encode anxiogenic stimuli and facilitate adaptive strategies to enable an animal to overcome anxiety in threatening situations.

Sivanandan, Leitmann, and colleagues present the CellPaint-POSH platform, which combines pooled CRISPR screening with Cell Painting. Using self-supervised deep learning on cell images, the method enables discovery of gene function and biological networks.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

Eye movements during scene viewing are tied to grid-like codes in the entorhinal cortex. Grid signals are specific to later remembered scenes, covary with activity in visuo-oculomotor regions, and are linked to weaker memory.

Here, the authors show learning tasks with similar structures can initially cause interference and slow down learning, but both the brain and artificial networks gradually reorganize information over time, enabling them to perform better and adapt more efficiently.

Synaptic vesicle fusion is essential for neuronal communication, yet its nanoscale sequence has not been directly confirmed. Here, the authors use timed in situ cryo-electron tomography to visualize the full fusion process and its link to vesicle resupply.

The temporal regulation of intracellular insulin signaling is not well studied. Here the authors conducted a time-resolved analysis of the global insulin-regulated phosphoproteome in human muscle cells, revealing synchronized signaling pathways for propagating information to insulin effector sites.

Animals alternate between active periods and periods of rest or sleep. This study in fruit flies points to brain metabolism as a cause for this and shows that a network of glial cells interacting with neurons links brain function with the need for rest and sleep.

Brain age gaps (BAGs) highlight deviations from healthy brain aging, yet their biophysical underpinnings in aging and dementia are not well understood. Here, the authors use EEG connectivity and generative modeling across diverse populations to reveal that BAGs are influenced by geography, income, sex and education, with implications for understanding accelerated aging and dementia.

Lentivirus-based reporter assays for 680,000 regulatory sequences from three cell lines coupled to machine-learning models lead to insights into the grammar of cis-regulatory elements.

Here, the authors show people with high trait anxiety display stable, parvocellular-specific visual cortical hyperactivity linked to disrupted cortical excitation–inhibition modulation. Trait anxiety thus alters sensory encoding from the earliest stages of cortical processing.

Jaxley is a versatile platform for biophysical modeling in neuroscience. It allows efficiently simulating large-scale biophysical models on CPUs, GPUs and TPUs. Model parameters can be optimized with gradient descent via backpropagation of error.

DNA repair pathways shape CRISPR editing outcomes. Here, authors identified FDA approved drugs that can be repurposed as repair modulators or to induce synthetic lethality, and uncovered new roles for ESR2 and AOX1 in DNA repair, enhancing editing and offering potential therapeutic applications.

The authors find, through experimental data and computational modeling, that altruistic acts stem from a motive cocktail of up to seven social and economic motives, whose strengths explain distinct behavior patterns across individuals and situations.

Hepatocyte organoids derived directly from human tissue enable long-term hepatocyte expansion and can be combined with portal mesenchyme and cholangiocyte organoids to form a donor-specific periportal liver assembloid system.

The authors present a deep learning approach to uncover complex genetic effects on circulating protein levels. They reveal new interactions and dominance patterns using UK Biobank proteomics data.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Ying and colleagues present PhyE2E, an AI framework incorporating symbolic search techniques for discovering physics formulas directly from data. The method has already led to improvements in space physics models when compared, for example, with NASA’s 1993 formula for solar activity.

An interpretability framework that compares how humans and deep neural networks process images has been presented. Their findings reveal that, unlike humans, deep neural networks focus more on visual properties than semantic ones, highlighting divergent representational strategies.