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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Affinity-proteomics platforms often yield poorly correlated measurements. Here, the authors show that protein-altering variants drive a portion of inter-platform inconsistency and that accounting for genetic variants can improve concordance of protein measures and phenotypic associations across ancestries.

Imprinting by influenza viruses can cause a deleterious shift of nearly the entire memory recall response against key, conserved epitopes.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges antibody therapeutics, but glycan-masked antigens enable isolation of class 3 monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize diverse Omicron variants and reveal cross-reactive epitopes.

Englacial structures in the Greenland Ice Sheet contain debris lifted hundreds of metres into the ice column, likely forming as the expanding ice sheet overrode its frozen margin following the last interglacial, according to 3D airborne radar imaging.

In a phase 1 basket trial, the small interfering RNA zodasiran, targeting ANGPTL3, lowered triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and lowered both triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Nickel-catalysed cross-coupling reactions generally use Ni(II) or Ni(0) precatalysts. Here the authors report thermally stable dinuclear Ni(I) complexes with commercial isocyanide ligands for the efficient catalysis in Kumada, Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reactions.

The seventh cholera pandemic, driven by El Tor Vibrio cholerae, evolved separately in Bangladesh and India, with the Ganges Basin acting as the global source, and its evolution has been shaped by phage defence system changes, influencing severity and transmission.

Saccadic eye movements during free viewing exhibit patterns that reflect a strategy to increase neural responses by matching motor behavior with the statistics of the natural world and with the processing limitations of sensory systems.

AF2BIND is a logistic regression model trained on AlphaFold2 pair features to predict small-molecule binding-site residues in proteins, without multiple sequence alignments, homology models or knowledge of the true ligand. AF2BIND was used to predict binding sites across the AF2-predicted human proteome, finding thousands of potentially new ligandable sites.

Multiple copies of intact MSR nucleate de novo heterochromatin and reveal that the establishment of mouse pericentric heterochromatin is associated with bidirectional repeat RNA, Integrator complex engagement, and topological alterations.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Clostridium perfringens lacking perfringolysin O toxin isolated from preterm infants metabolizes human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose to produce metabolites that promote the growth of commensal bifidobacteria, inhibit pathogens and suppress inflammation in an organoid model.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequency and risk factors vary considerably across regions and ancestries. Here, the authors conduct a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine mapping study of HNSCC subsites in cohorts from multiple continents, finding susceptibility and protective loci, gene-environment interactions, and gene variants related to immune response.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Nicholas and Mattar found that people use episodic memory to make decisions when it is unclear what will be needed in the future. These findings reveal how the rich representational capacity of episodic memory enables flexible decision-making.

Ibiza, an island in present-day Spain, was under Islamic rule between the 10^th and 13^th centuries CE. Here, the authors analyse the remains of thirteen individuals from medieval Islamic burials in Ibiza, describing their ancestries and pathogens.

Petroleum-based adhesives are used ubiquitously in daily life and therefore contribute to persistent waste generation. Here the authors synthesize a robust and strong poly(ester amide) adhesive that can be derived from biomass feedstocks and chemically recycled at the end of its life.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

The authors show that plasma AT(N) biomarkers can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in diverse Latin American populations. Using machine learning and integrating neuroimaging, significant diagnostic accuracy was achieved, enhancing clinical assessments of these conditions in Latin America.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

A human spinal cord organoid model can replicate two different types of spinal cord injury and can be used as an in vitro system to evaluate therapeutics and inflammatory reactions to treatments.

Southern Ocean microbial communities are less well studied. Here, the authors generate a circumpolar-scale gene catalog from 218 metagenomics samples revealing broadscale uniqueness and water-mass–specific adaptations of the Southern Ocean microbiome.

Neuroscience research struggles to link neurobiological phenotypes with real-world mental health experiences, especially in youth. Here the authors challenge assumptions in functional neuroimaging studies, proposing alternative methods that reveal complex, individual-specific brain patterns, enhancing predictive models of psychiatric issues and advancing the understanding of adolescent mental health.

The association between blood pressure (BP) and migraine is poorly understood. Here, the authors explore this relationship using summary-level GWAS data for BP and migraine. Cross-trait meta-analysis reveals shared loci between BP and migraine, while Mendelian randomization suggests that diastolic BP specifically plays a key role in migraine susceptibility.

The PCRCR complex of Plasmodium spp. binds basigin on the erythrocyte surface. While Rh5 of the complex is restricted to P. falciparum, PTRAMP, CSS and Ripr orthologs are present across the genus, for which the authors report common features.

ATPγS, a slowly-hydrolysed ATP analogue, causes kinesin to take extra backsteps under load. Here, the authors examine single-molecule mechanics and propose a state in which forward steps and coupled ATP hydrolysis are turned off, but unsteered steps are allowed.

In mice, a low-protein diet leads to a gut-microbiota-driven remodelling of adipose tissue towards brown fat, showing that gut microorganisms have a role in detecting and responding to a lack of protein.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Electron transfer in molecular wires is typically dominated by tunnelling at short lengths. Now it is shown that conjugated molecular wires anchored to indium tin oxide electrodes exhibit a hopping mechanism even at 1-nm lengths, enabling charge extraction in tin perovskite solar cells and improved device performance.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Jude et al. present a communication intracortical brain–computer interface typing neuroprosthesis enabling familiar, high-speed, bimanual QWERTY keyboard functionality for people with paralysis through the decoding of attempted finger movements.

A mode of brain organization that connects visual and bodily reference frames may translate raw sensory impressions into more abstract formats that are useful for action, social cognition and semantic processing.

Coupling two ionic thermoelectric effects in n-type materials is scarce, restricting the development of high-performance systems. Here, the authors present an ionic-thermoelectric material with interactive thermo-diffusion/galvanic coupling effect based on coordination chemistry.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Maurice et al. examine how cytokines regulate antigen-independent activation of memory CD8⁺ T cells. They show that IL-4 signaling changes the quality of the bystander T cell response by antagonizing IL-18 sensing and subsequent IFNγ production, but increasing granzyme B expression without changing perforin, thereby limiting bystander-mediated protection.

Genome-wide association analyses using data from 19 biobanks identify variants influencing risk of thyroid diseases and yield polygenic risk scores associated with features of aggressive thyroid cancer.

Here, the authors show learning tasks with similar structures can initially cause interference and slow down learning, but both the brain and artificial networks gradually reorganize information over time, enabling them to perform better and adapt more efficiently.

Xeno-learning uses preclinical data from one species to boost the performance of neural networks applied to another species when exploring physiological responses.

Plasma p-tau217 tests used to develop clocks that predict when cognitively unimpaired individuals would develop symptoms of Alzheimerʼs disease.

A pangenome of oat, assembled from 33 wild and domesticated oat lines, sheds light on the evolution and genetic diversity of this cereal crop and will aid genomics-assisted breeding to improve productivity and sustainability.