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Demand-side food policies show small average effects, with effectiveness varying across intervention types. Targeted strategies and a better understanding of how context and population influence outcomes can advance food system sustainability.

Analysis of Babesia divergens egress from host cells reveals druggable targets and identifies compounds for potential babesiosis treatment.

How strand-asymmetric processes such as replication and transcription interact with DNA damage to drive mechanisms of repair and mutagenesis is explored.

CFAP20 has a key role in rescuing RNA polymerase II complexes that have arrested during DNA transcription, limiting the accumulation of R-loops and preventing collisions between the transcription and replication machinery.

A global synthesis of >600 studies finds that across agro-ecosystems, grasslands and forests in temperate and tropical zones, increasing plant diversity has a consistently positive effect on plant performance and the suppression of antagonists.

Bohlen and colleagues report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL is necessary for the development, tolerance and activation of B cells in humans, unlike in mice where CBL deficiency results in loss of T cells.

Weak topological insulators (WTI) remain difficult to be observed in experiments. Here, the authors discover a WTI state in RhBi₂, where the topological surface states with saddle points result in a van Hove singularity along the (100) direction near Fermi energy.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

Structural and functional studies of Zinc finger antiviral protein and its cofactors, TRIM25 and KHYNYN, reveal the formation of complexes and suggest that multivalent recognition of CpG-rich RNA targets it for nucleolytic depletion.

The long-range genomic interactions present in different inbreeds and their hybrid offspring have not been assessed in maize. Here, the authors report conservation and variability of long-range interactions in structurally diverse maize genomes.

Optimizations of X-ray nanotomography including the choice of resin allows high-resolution imaging of mouse brain tissue, approaching the resolution of volume electron microscopy. Since it does not require slicing the tissue, this technology may become an attractive alternative to current standard methods for connectomics.

The authors show that LARP4 drives T cell dysfunction in tumors by promoting hypertranslation of oxidative phosphorylation-related mRNAs, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. They also target LARP4 to enhance T cell persistence and anti-tumor activity and provide a CAR T cell strategy for treating solid and liquid tumors.

Whole-genome sequences and field experiments focusing on the global invasive forage crop, Trifolium repens, show high levels of genetic variation across continents and parallel signatures of selection in five haploblocks.

The relationship between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism is an unresolved question in electron-doped high-T_c superconductors. Saadaoui et al. perform low-energy muon spin relaxation measurements to study the phase diagram of La_2−xCe_xCuO_4−δat the magnetic-superconducting transition region.

Transcriptional regulation of the interferon-β gene (Ifnb1) in macrophages is a critical immune event. Here, Ferri et al. show that, at late phases of macrophages activation, TRIM33 bound to a distal repressor element suppresses Ifnb1transcription by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300.

Cardiac fibrosis arises from persistent myofibroblast activity. This study reveals how chromatin factors control scar-forming cells in the heart and shows that inhibiting KAT5 can reduce harmful cardiac fibrosis.

Cell state plasticity of neuroblastoma cells is linked to therapy resistance. Here, the authors develop a transcriptomic and epigenetic map of indisulam (RBM39 degrader) resistant neuroblastoma, demonstrating bidirectional cell state switching accompanied by increased NK cell activity, which they therapeutically enhance by the addition of an anti-GD2 antibody.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Evolutionary and ecological insights into marine SAR11 bacteria require whole genome data. Here, the authors expand the number of complete SAR11 isolate genomes by 81 new strains from the tropical Pacific Ocean, combining their sequence analysis with metagenomics to further resolve SAR11 evolution.

Large-scale sequencing and population genomic analyses reveal frequent transmission, a highly admixed global population structure and evidence of pervasive negative selection in Haemophilus influenzae.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

The brushtail possum is a treasured Australian marsupial, but also a harmful pest introduced into New Zealand. Here, using functional genomics and a new chromosome-level genome assembly of New Zealand possums, Bond et al. quantify their genome admixture and identify unique parent-specific and weaning associated gene expression.

Cancer cells rely on mitochondria for energy and macromolecule synthesis. Here, the authors show that RNA G-quadruplex dynamics, driven by oncogenic signals, regulate the translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs, affecting mitochondrial function and promoting cancer cell growth.

Meat products represent a large share of the carbon footprints of cities, which are dependent on the characteristics of supply regions. With spatially explicit data, researchers show how the so-called carbon hoofprint varies between cities due to the different carbon intensities of producing regions.

Climate change is expected to impact microbes degrading organic matter in northern peatlands. Here, using a warming experiment, the authors show that communities remain stable after three years of warming, likely due to metabolic versatility and an ability to obtain electron acceptors from organic matter cleavage.

Convergent selection between crops can help to identify genetic variants with important roles in adaptation as a source of diversity for the improvement of cultivated species through the concept of inter-crop translational research for breeding.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

One of the challenges posed by spin manipulation in organic semiconductors is the difficulty of measuring the spin polarization and the spin diffusion length. This is now elegantly achieved by a low-energy muon spin rotation.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Using SCN2A haploinsufficiency as a proof-of-concept, upregulation of the existing functional gene copy through CRISPR activation was able to rescue neurological-associated phenotypes in Scn2a haploinsufficient mice and human neurons.

MDM2 and BET inhibitors have shown efficacy in AML treatment. Here, the authors show that the two compounds can synergize through both p53 protein stabilization and inhibition of BRD4-mediated repression of p53 target genes.

Numerous genetic variants, including those located in the non-coding regions of the genome, are known to be associated with blood cells traits. Here, Frontini and colleagues investigate their potential regulatory functions using epigenomic data and promoter long-range interactions.

The structure and function of the MCR activation complex from Methanococcus maripaludis were revealed, demonstrating its ATP-dependent ability to activate MCR and form methane while uncovering a unique electron transfer pathway involving iron–sulfur clusters similar to the nitrogenase cofactor intermediates.

Here the authors find a genetic alteration in the popular “Four Core Genotypes” mouse model that is used to distinguish sex-biased phenotypes caused by sex chromosomes and gonads. This alteration increases the expression of some X-linked genes, which might confound the interpretation of the model.

The molecular basis for the enrollment of X family DNA polymerases in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is unclear. Here the authors elucidate the structure of Pol λ within the DNA-PK long-range complex and Pol μ in association with Ku70/80 and characterize the interaction between the BRCT domains of Pol λ and μ with Ku70/80.

This study explores the relationship between telomere length and clonal hematopoiesis. Splicing factor and PPM1D gene mutations are more frequent in people with genetically predicted shorter telomere lengths, suggesting that these mutations protect against the consequences of telomere attrition.

Exploring the molecular consequences of exposing mice to social stress, Lyons et al. identify that hippocampal and cortical neurons acquire features of senescence, identifying a mechanism through which the social environment may contribute to aging.

The viral delivery of a miniaturized form of a master protein that establishes dyads (nanostructures involved in excitation–contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes) improved dyad architecture and normalized cardiac function under pressure overload.

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing along with whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of 100 prostate cancer metastases identifies genomic regions that are differentially methylated during disease progression and a novel epigenomic subtype.

New class of topological crystalline insulators (TCI) have been proposed, but are yet to be experimentally evidenced. Here, the authors evidence two massless Dirac fermions protected by the combination of time-reversal symmetry T and Ĉ_2y on the (010) surface of SrPb, confirming the Ĉ₂ rotation anomaly in the new class of TCIs.

Early cancer detection by cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is challenged by the low amount of tumour DNA in cfDNA, tumour heterogeneity and the small patient cohorts. Here, the authors develop a method, cfMethyl-Seq, for cost-effective methylome profiling of cfDNA and for detecting and locating cancer.

Pro-inflammatory signaling during embryonic development is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify that the master inflammatory factor p65 drives cycles of cell quiescence and proliferation to power the development of hematopoietic stem cells.

Here, the authors show that giving probiotics to very low birth weight preterm babies can help reduce harmful antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut and support the development of a healthier microbiome.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

Hundreds of genetic loci associated with age at menopause, combined with experimental evidence in mice, highlight mechanisms of reproductive ageing across the lifespan.

Although individual genes that distinguish tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells from bystander T cells in tumors have been described, a functionally meaningful integrative signature has not been established. Here authors show that mutation-associated neoantigen-specific CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can be recognized by MANAscore, an algorithm that uses weighted expression levels of CXCL13, ENTPD1 and IL7R in single-cell RNAseq datasets of lung cancer and melanoma patients as input.

Designed novel protein nanoparticle technology integrates antibody targeting and responds to changes in environmental conditions to release protected molecular cargoes, opening new applications for precision medicine.

The function of macrophages in myeloid leukaemia can be difficult to assess because of lack of differentiation between transformed and non-transformed cells. Here the authors use a chimeric mouse model to characterise the effect of myeloid leukaemia on bystander macrophages noting altered functional properties of these cells.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.