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Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL) remain limited. Here the authors report the results of a phase 1b/2 trial of liposomal mitoxantrone plus anti-PD-1 tislelizumab in patients with R/R ENKTL.

The intrinsically low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors limits their application in solar cells. Wei et al. address this challenge by modulating the dielectric constant using specially designed regulators with an extended π-conjugated backbone, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 20.85%.

A multi-phase hybrid metabolomics strategy coupled with a custom algorithm has identified a 12-metabolite plasma signature that detects gastric cancer and outperforms conventional tumor markers

Yuteng Zhang and colleagues propose a back-inferred equivalent material method for collapse qualification of helically wound and layered cylindrical structures. The framework infers a material law from radial compression test to predict critical collapse pressure without full-scale hydrostatic testing.

Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis is therapeutically challenging, and macrophages can serve as reservoirs for intracellular bacterial persistence. Here the authors show that Mn²⁺ enhances macrophage bactericidal activity by repressing the Sirt3-mitophagy axis, and develop a biomimetic manganese-based nanosystem that alleviates osteomyelitis in mice.

The first data of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory deliver high-precision neutrino oscillation parameters, improving measurements and demonstrating readiness to determine neutrino mass ordering.

As presented at the 2026 ASCO Annual Meeting, in a phase 2 trial that included an exploratory and a pivotal phase, treatment of patients with MET-amplified gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with the selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor savolitinib showed promising clinical efficacy.

Poor storage stability and soil survival limits agricultural application of non-spore forming bacteria. Here, the authors develop a hydrogel microcapsule which improves storage and soil survival, demonstrating application in improving plant salt tolerance under field conditions.

Tang et al. demonstrate that disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is driven not only by dystrophin deficiency but also by ANXA11-mediated failure of regenerative myofiber maturation. Targeting ANXA11 improves muscle regeneration and function in mdx mice.

A large spin Hall conductivity is reported for the quasi-two-dimensional metallic delafossite PtCoO₂ and attributed to polar lattice distortions that break inversion symmetry.

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper layered metal-halide perovskites show better performance over three-dimensional versions, but are typically based on quantum wells with random width distribution. Liang et al. show that introducing molten salt spacers gives phase-pure quantum wells and improved solar cell performance.

β-thalassemia mutations show striking population differences, but their evolutionary origins are unclear. Here, the authors trace multiple independent origins of common β-thalassemia mutations in southern China, shaped by agricultural expansion, migration, and local selection.

Nitrogen loss due to soil denitrification in global natural ecosystems is quantified using an isotope-benchmarking method, and is overestimated by almost two times in the current earth system models.

Atmospheric water harvesting provides a vital pathway for mitigating freshwater scarcity. This study introduces a 3D-printed porous structure designed for rapid water capture, overcoming a critical bottleneck that has long hindered the large-scale deployment of atmospheric water harvesting technology.

A high-entropy strategy combines flattened electronic bands, core–shell microstructures, and polymorphic polar phases to overcome the trade-off between polarization and breakdown electric field, achieving high energy storage performance in lead-free dielectric ceramics.

Brain metastases are a common complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and affect responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here the authors perform single cell transcriptomics on samples from NSCLC and brain metastases and implicate transcriptomic signatures associated with responsiveness to ICI.

Prunus subgenus Cerasus comprises over 70 species with ornamental, edible, and medicinal value. Here, the authors assemble eight genomes from wild and cultivated Cerasus species, construct pangenome together with 13 public genomes, and uncover the evolutionary origin and genetic determinants of flower development.

Progress towards high-performance thermoelectrics that convert waste heat into electricity remains constrained by the coupling of electrical and thermal transport. This Review synthesizes design principles exploiting the electronic structure and lattice dynamics, and it highlights physics-informed descriptors for AI-assisted discovery and design.

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis and in vivo modulation experiments reveal a time-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation driving intestinal barrier dysfunction in incarcerated small-bowel obstruction in rats.

China’s crowded coasts must balance seafood demand with conserving migratory shorebirds that rely on tidal flats along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. This study suggests that well-managed mariculture feeds shorebirds and limits overharvest, benefiting seafood production and biodiversity.

An electrothermal co-design strategy can be used to make flexible transistors based on aligned carbon nanotube arrays with current-gain cut-off frequencies of 152 GHz and power-gain cut-off frequencies of 102 GHz.

Vertical phase distribution of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite plays vital roles in their optoelectronic properties. Here Liu et al. show that surface modification of the hole-transporting layer is an effective approach to control the vertical phase distribution and optimize the device efficiency.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Authors propose a triple-synergy strategy for dielectric ceramics that integrates medium-entropy superparaelectric design, local structural distortion and plate-like BiTO phase construction, thereby achieving remarkable energy storage performance.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Effective tracing of aquaculture effluent becomes feasible using microbial fingerprints and a combined machine learning model, with high throughput sequencing of 386 samples enabling hierarchical identification of targeted source.

Xie et al. identify a distinct subset of CD4⁺ helper T cells expressing EOMES and granzyme K in both mice and human models of colitis.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immunotherapy have improved outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), yet resistance persists. This group presents single-cell transcriptomic profiling of aRCC patients treated with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, uncovering an immunosuppressive microenvironment linked to therapeutic resistance.

Zanubrutinib is a second-generation BTK inhibitor, reported to have fewer off-target toxicities while maintaining comparable efficacy to previous BTK inhibitors. Here, the authors report the phase II CHESS trial evaluating frontline Zanubrutinib (second-generation BTK inhibitor) plus rituximab (anti-CD20) induction, followed by chemoimmunotherapy in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Dielectric materials with both high dielectric constant and wide bandgap are sought after for the miniaturization of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the characterization of dielectric KBe₂BO₃F₂ nanosheets with a band gap of > 8 eV and a bulk dielectric constant of 63, showing their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors.

The unclear structural evolution mechanism of Cobalt-based materials restricts the long-term applications of nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis. Here, the authors report a Ru-promoted dynamic evolution of cobalt hydroxides that can stably produce ammonia at high current densities.

The gut microbiome affects systemic metabolism and is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Here the authors demonstrate in a randomized controlled trial that effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid known to lower blood glucose, may be explained by the inhibition of Ruminococcus bromii mediated biotransformation of the bile acid deoxycholic acid.

The authors examine the effects of antidiabetic medication on the gut microbiome and bile acid composition and show that these data can be used to stratify treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

Reducing China’s CO₂ emissions is crucial to achieving global carbon neutrality. This Perspective synthesizes bottom-up and top-down estimates to develop a regional CO₂ budget for China and evaluate pathways and uncertainties towards net zero.

A magnetic-spectrometer-free method for electron–proton scattering data reveals a proton charge radius 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the currently accepted value from electron–proton scattering, yet consistent with other recent experiments.

The emergence of moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites has been reported, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers.

Xu et al. report that inhibition of the F-box protein FBXL2 enhances HER2 expression, rendering HER2-negative breast cancer sensitive to the anti-HER2–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan.