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Large-scale eDMFT computation reveals that FeO undergoes a gradual orbitally selective insulator-metal transition across the extreme conditions of Earth’s interior, with implications for compositions and conductivity of the core-mantle boundary region.

Tian et al. reveal that rich temporal dynamics within individual brain regions form stable individual-specific ‘barcodes’, advancing generalizable brain-wide association studies beyond traditional connectivity measures.

Testicular aging affects male reproductive health. Here, the authors show that impaired ketogenesis in Leydig cells drives testicular aging, and boosting ketogenesis or supplementing with the ketone body BHB can help mitigate testicular aging.

The building envelope is the interface between a building and its surrounding environment, and has a substantial impact on energy efficiency and aesthetic appeal. Here the authors present a coloured low-emissivity film design that could work year-round to save energy.

A method for acetylome profiling requiring a low quantity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed, revealing a significant reduction in H4K77ac in aged HSCs, associated with decreased lymphocyte differentiation potential.

A versatile methodology to detect topological quasiparticles by transport measurements remains an open problem. Here, the authors propose and experimentally observe the temperature dependence of the quantum oscillation frequency as a signature of non-trivial band topology.

A pharmacophore-oriented 3D molecular generation method, which efficiently generates diverse, drug-like molecules is proposed. It successfully identifies new inhibitors in real-world drug discovery.

Dihydrouridine (D) is an abundant RNA modification but its functions are currently unclear. Here, authors develop CRACI, a sensitive method for transcriptome-wide, single-base D mapping, identifying sites across mammalian and plant transcriptomes and identifying DUS2L as a mitochondrial D writer.

Observations indicating the chiral nature of superconducting states in five rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene devices without moiré superlattice effects are reported, establishing a pure carbon material for the study of topological superconductivity.

The efficiency and selectivity of the transformation process for an aqueous solution of mixed oxygenates produced by biomass fermentation remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a simple reaction for the conversion of aqueous biomass fermentation broth to a water-immiscible product efficiently and selectively.

Molecular bilayer graphene — a discrete assembly of two stacked graphene fragments — is challenging to produce in pure form. Here, the authors are able to synthesize and characterize stable molecular bilayer graphenes by the π−π stacking of two identical, well-defined nanographene sheets.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

Marine records indicate a greenhouse to icehouse climate transition at ~34 million years ago, but how the climate changed within continental interiors at this time is less well known. Here, the authors show an orbital climate response shift with aridification on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during this time.

Strong oxidative oxygen species generated at high voltage pose great challenges to positive electrode-side interface stability in lithium-based batteries. Herein, authors propose a robust gel polymer electrolyte with bifunctional additives for interface modification, achieving high-voltage ceramic solid-state lithium batteries.

Upconversion nanoparticles offer the potential for deep tissue biological imaging. Here, Chen et al. develop super resolution optical imaging in the near-infrared for imaging with sub-50 nm resolution through almost 100 microns of tissue.

Modules of foldable crystalline silicon solar cells retain their power-conversion efficiency after being subjected to bending stress or exposure to air-flow simulations of a violent storm.

The authors develop a miniaturized Mg3Bi2-based thermoelectric cooler, achieving a high cooling power density of 5.7 W cm-2 and a cooling speed of 65 K s-1, demonstrating great promise for localized thermal management in electronics.

Graphene has great potential in various electronic devices, but obtaining large-area suspended graphene is problematic. Here, the authors use carbon nanotubes as supports for graphene, enabling large areas of strong and 90% electron transparent suspended graphene to be realized.

Subduction-driven warming and uplift are linked to the Cambrian Explosion, and Li-Os-Sr isotopes trace enhanced erosion of phosphorus-rich juvenile rocks that boosted productivity and oxygen levels to fuel animal diversification.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

CRISPR-based diagnostics are often limited by complex workflows and poor validation. Here the authors develop and validate a one-pot asymmetric CRISPR assay, which permits rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in a format which is suitable for resource-limited settings.

High-speed flexible circuits are essential in flexible systems for real-time information analysis and wireless communication. Here, flexible circuits are reported with a 281 ps stage delay based on scaled carbon nanotube thin film transistors.

Extracting high-purity salt from saline water through conventional processes is complex and environmentally unsustainable. A diffusion-driven selective crystallization strategy that uses a precisely designed floating porous membrane to suppress non-ion-selective transfer enables simple and precise ion separation and high-purity salt production from mixed source solutions such as Na⁺/K⁺, Ba²⁺/K⁺ and Mg²⁺/Li⁺.

La₅Ni₃O₁₁, a hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper nickelate, exhibits pressure-induced superconductivity with a high superconducting volume fraction. It offers insights into the interplay of structure and electronic order in nickelate superconductors.

Electronically mismatched Diels−Alder reaction between two electron-deficient components is synthetically useful and yet underdeveloped. Herein, a photoinduced formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of enone with a variety of electron-deficient dienes is described.

Immunophenotyping of patients with COVID-19 is ongoing, but much remains to be learned. Here the authors analyze 41 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and show a higher degree of lymphopenia in various immune cell subsets as well as cytotoxicity and T cell inhibitory marker expression in severe cases compared with mild.

The use of time modulation to break reciprocity is well understood for light, sound or charge diffusion, but it’s unclear whether it can work for thermal diffusion. Here, the authors answer in the negative by analysing diffusive processes under time modulation, and giving numerical and experimental evidence.

Ruthenium-based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction under high current exhibit poor stability. Here, authors develop a doped ruthenium oxide nanocrystal, which improves water splitting performance by stabilizing lattice oxygen and limiting the ruthenium site valence oscillation.

1-(Isoquinolin-1-yl)naphthalen-2-ol (QUINOL) is an atropisomeric heterobiaryl that serves as a platform for the synthesis of other biaryl ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors report a straightforward oxidative cross-coupling reaction between isoquinolines and 2-naphthols to efficiently access the QUINOL scaffolds in a metal-free manner.

Producing light olefins from polyethylene (PE) is challenging. This study reveals a PE self-confined cracking mechanism over zeolites, achieving exceptional olefin yields (>70%) independent of zeolite properties, enabling efficient plastic recycling.

Here, Li et al. develop a human liver organoid model to elucidate Dengue virus infection dynamics and identify oxyresveratrol as a potential antiviral candidate, highlighting the NRF2 pathway’s crucial role in mitigating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cellular resistance.

Lipid synthesis plays a central role in cell structure, signalling, and metabolism. Here, the authors report the abiotic formation of natural lipids in water using visible-light-driven photoredox chemistry, leading to the spontaneous assembly of protocell vesicles.

This study shows that tensile strain continuously tunes lone-pair expression in BiCuSeO, increases lattice disorder and phonon scattering, and lowers thermal conductivity, offering an effective approach to control heat transport in materials.

High-resolution single-photon imaging is challenging due to complex hardware and noise disturbances. Here, the authors realise simultaneous single-photon denoising and super-resolution enhancement by physics-informed deep learning, with a physical multi-source noise model, two single-photon image datasets, and a deep transformer network.

The viscoelastic properties of a matrix influence the behaviour of cancer cells, but platforms with the required spatial and temporal control over properties is challenging. Here, the authors report a hydrogel combining Schiff base and thiuram disulfide groups for light responsive behaviour and varying stress relaxation.

The immune response involves multiple cell state transitions and complex gene expression changes. Here, the authors establish scIVNL-seq to survey time-resolved RNA dynamics of immune cells during Salmonella infection, revealing distinct RNA control strategies and cell activation patterns underlying immune responses.

The use of Li or Na as electrodes in Li-Na alloy–O₂ batteries creates formidable challenges for both safety and stability because of their oxidative corrosion and the growth of dendrites and cracks on their surface. Now, an aprotic bimetal Li-Na alloy–O₂ battery with high cycling stability has been developed using a Li-Na eutectic alloy anode and an electrolyte additive.

Benzylic oxygenation of methylarenes is a direct but challenging method for aldehyde synthesis from simple starting materials. Here, the authors show an electrochemical, site-selective method for the oxidation of methyl benzoheterocycles to aromatic acetals without using chemical oxidants or transition metal catalysts.

A high-peak-power low-duty-cycle pulsed fibre laser enables stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy with pixel dwell times as low as 0.2 ms and spatial resolution as low as 500 nm and 2 μm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively.

A terahertz twin-comb sensor and an extra-spectrum sensing mechanism are demonstrated, locating characteristic resonance frequency far beyond the system spectral domain. Sensitivities surpass existing terahertz biosensing by four orders of magnitude.

Neural circuit mechanisms that regulate the panic-like defensive state are not fully understood. Using a robot-based experimental paradigm, the authors identify Cbln2-expressing (Cbln2+) neurons in the mouse posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) as a key neuronal population essential for the induction of panic-like defensive state.

Bi, Mo, Liu et al. carry out high-throughput screening and analysis to profile genome-wide pro-tumour enhancers and uncover enhancer connectomes in glioma. In particular, they identify specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with glioma risk and progression.

Fan, Shang, Song, Chen et al. identify the Integrator–PP2A complex (INTAC) as a key regulator of cancer cell sensitivity to BET inhibitors through directly interacting with the RACK7–KDM5 complex to orchestrate epigenetic silencing in a catalytic-independent manner.

Here, authors present cryo-EM structures and simulations of urea transporter members in resting-, transport-, or inactive-states bound with synthetic competitive, uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibitor.