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Freestanding membranes of hexagonal oxides remain difficult to obtain. In this work, a water-soluble crystalline hexagonal BaAl₂O₄ is found to serve as a sacrificial layer for obtaining freestanding membranes with six-fold or three-fold symmetry.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Decadal-scale observations reveal that plant diversity stabilizes ecosystem productivity over time. Phylogenetic diversity is the key driver of long-term stability, whereas plant height shapes short-term productivity dynamics.

Reverse iontophoresis offers non-invasive extraction of interstitial fluid but it has proven hard to be used for glucose monitoring. Here, the authors establish the mechanism by which skin surface pH modulates RI through zeta potential changes of keratin, supported by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations

Tobacco is not only an important industrial crop but also severs as a model for plant science research and chassis for plant metabolic engineering. Here, the authors report genome-scale metabolic regulatory network and reveal key transcriptional hubs for different metabolite biosynthesis.

This work reveals critical role of R-Ras2 in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. R-Ras2 maintains VSMCs function via c-MET-TFII-I axis, with MEG3 stabilizing its mRNA stability. Findings identify R-Ras2 a potential AAA therapeutic target.

A deep learning approach, AdaptiveNN, shifts machine vision models from passive to active to mimic human-like perception. The method achieves inference costs that are up to 28-times lower without accuracy loss, while showcasing online-adaptable and interpretable behaviours.

The protein MG53 is known to inhibit myogenesis. Here, Ko et al. show that MG53 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in skeletal muscle, thereby regulating myogenesis and insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.

Proteome profiling of plasma samples in human pan-cancer cohorts reveals patterns of biomarkers for diagnosis.

Extensive data sets of trajectories of mobile-phone users provide a new basis for modelling human mobility. Random-walk models can capture some aspects, but go only so far. Now, two governing principles for human mobility are proposed, exploration and preferential return, paving the way to a more appropriate microscopic model for individual human motion.

Through direct visualization of how the moiré potential enhances and modulates the topological flat band in rhombohedral graphene superlattice, this work provides key insights into the microscopic mechanism of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect

Reversed forks must be protected from uncontrolled nucleolytic degradation. Xie et al. reveal a collaborative defense mechanism orchestrated by Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain-containing protein 4 and the breast cancer susceptibility proteins (BRCA1/2)–DNA repair protein RAD51 pathway, which synergistically preserve the integrity of reversed forks.

Here, the authors present the design, molecular assembly and mechanistic insights into an organic, biomarker-activatable radiotheranostic nanoprobe for image-guided precision cancer radiotherapy with sensitivity up to a depth of 15 cm in thick tissues.

Here, the authors explore the mechanism of the monkeypox virus E5 protein using cryo-EM, and delineate the E5-mediated DNA unwinding initiation model in terms of dsDNA loading, melting and ssDNA translocation.

Understanding the structure-function relationship in Cu-catalyzed CO₂ reduction is challenging due to dynamic active sites. This study introduces stable coordination polymer catalysts with homogenized, single-site Cu, enabling the study and tuning of C–C coupling efficiency in CO₂ electroreduction.

This solar-driven interfacial desalination research integrates 3D printed modules modifications, decoupling design, anticorrosion treatment for high desalination efficiency and long-term stability. This self-floating setup utilizes natural cooling seawater to conduct thermal convection for downward freshwater collection.

This study reports endothelial leakiness in vitro, in silico and in vivo, where adherens junctions are disrupted by their exposure to the anionic oligomers and seeds of Alzheimer’s amyloid beta, preceding proinflammatory and pro-oxidative events.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Organic luminophores emit a bright near-infrared afterglow after X-ray irradiation and outperform commercially available radio sensitizers by producing higher levels of singlet oxygen, having potential applications in precision cancer theranostics.

Spatially resolved images of M87 obtained at a wavelength of 3.5 mm in 2018 show a ring-like accretion structure, the inner (outer) edge of which connects the black hole (jet).

In this study, the authors report that anionic nanoplastics can harness the paracellular space of endothelial cells and puncture blood vasculature ex vivo and in vivo, thereby entailing new environmental and health implications.

Sweat, Cao et al. used different genetic and epigenetic approaches to show that Tbx5 is essential for the maintenance of atrial identity in postnatal cardiomyocytes by binding atrial-specific enhancers and maintaining the atrial-specific chromatin architecture, in a dose-dependent manner.

Liang, Yan, Long, Ji et al. find that the origin and dynamics of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during early development are not conserved between humans and mice and that 5hmC contributes to the activation of human embryonic genes.

The spin Hall-induced bilinear magnetoelectric resistance is a general phenomenon that arises in three-dimensional systems, particularly playing a crucial role in antiferromagnetic spintronics.

The identification of cryptic allosteric sites presents a formidable challenge. Here, the authors develop a residue-intuitive hybrid ML model coupled with MD simulation to successfully identify a novel allosteric site of β2AR and a negative allosteric modulator.

By combining nano-spot angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, the authors resolve the fine electronic structure of the flat band and remote bands of twisted bilayer graphene as the twist angle varies, revealing a spectral weight transfer between remote bands that is attributed to lattice relaxations.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spreads rapidly. Here the authors show that Omicron S preferentially adopts the one-RBD-up conformation, which leads to a non-RBM-binding monoclonal antibody escape. Mutagenesis reveals that S371L, S373P and S375F substitutions enhance the conformational stability.

Spatially nuanced policies are necessary for maximising co-benefits of carbon-emissions reduction from coal-fired power plants. Here the authors present an approach integrating costs of CO2 and air pollution emissions to better understand social costs of electricity generation from coal burning in China.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

The conventional solution post-treatment is suboptimal for methylammonium-free and cesium/bromide-enriched wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors develop a 3D-to-2D perovskite conversion approach for a preferential growth, achieving stabilized efficiency of 28.1% for tandem cells.

SOSS–INTAC stimulates promoter-proximal termination of transcription and attenuates R-loops associated with paused RNA polymerase II to prevent R-loop-induced genome instability.

Zhou et al. describe an intracellular transport pathway of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–LDL receptor from the plasma membrane that bypasses lysosomes and delivers cholesterol to mitochondria for steroidogenesis.