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Revealing the structural features governing ergodicity breaking is critical to understanding glass formation. Here, the authors synthesise a family of hybrid metal halide glasses, and show that the molecular shape and polarity determine rotational disorder, enabling diverse glass-forming abilities.

Valorizing plastic waste remains a major challenge due to its severe environmental impact. Here, the authors report a CuCo/CoOₓ catalyst constructed via stepwise hydrogen spillover, enabling near-quantitative conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate to p-xylene.

In the phase III NAPOLI-3 trial, first-line treatment with NALIRIFOX was associated with improved overall survival compared to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial comparing the two regimens, NALIRIFOX versus Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel, in Chinese patients.

While neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma, resistance often develops. Here, the authors identify elevated INCENP and CDCA8 via YTHDF3 mediated translation as markers of poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous carcinoma.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

Elevated adipocyte-derived AFABP in obesity disrupts iron homeostasis in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which impairs PPARα signalling and blocks ISC differentiation after injury.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Volcano plots are useful catalyst design tools for acidic oxygen reduction reaction, but have proved less successful for alkaline oxygen reduction reaction. Here, a modified volcano plot for this environment is developed and used to design PdH_x@Pt nanosheets with high oxygen reduction reaction performance.

Hanging Coffins were a mortuary tradition practiced in southern China and Southeast Asia. Here, the authors show that different groups of ancient Hanging Coffin practitioners are genetically related, and that they are ancestors of present-day Bo people.

Using ancient DNA, isotopes and proteomics, this work reveals social inequality and mobility in Eastern Zhou China, showing female sacrifices, dietary disparities across classes, kinship networks among elites, and rare evidence of social mobility.

Xu et al. report that CDK10 drives immune evasion by reducing nucleic acid sensors-mediated innate immune response in tumor cells and that its inhibition improves response to immune-checkpoint blockade in preclinical cancer models.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

The heat shock protein GP96 has been utilized as a potent adjuvant in vaccine formulations. Here, the authors present a viral vaccine platform based on the design of SARS-CoV-2 and HPV antigens fused to the N-terminus of GP96 and show that this vaccine design favor intact antigen delivery to the lymph nodes and induces potent long-term humoral and T cell responses after mice immunization

Here, in a large-scale clinical trial, the authors associate gut microbiota composition and metabolic status with effectiveness of dietary fiber intervention in prediabetes, and provide a clinically applicable model to guide microbiome-targeted personalized medicine.

Zygotic genome activation coincides with extensive chromatin remodeling coordinated by maternal transcription factors. Here, by mapping accessible chromatin during early embryonic development of Xenopus tropicalis, the authors show how maternal factors E2f1 and Otx1 work together to control zygotic genome activation.

This work uncovers why traditional methods underestimate active site density in fuel cell catalysts. The researchers developed a novel in-situ acid-assisted method coupled with infrared spectroscopy to accurately quantify sites and elucidate their structure, validated across multiple catalysts.

Plasmodium falciparum proteins were engineered to create a nanoparticle vaccine platform capable of displaying multiple antigens at 48 sites. Displaying a designed malaria circumsporozoite protein immunogen on this platform achieves full sterile protection in mice.

In this study, the authors present that deep brain stimulation of lateral hypothalamic area activates a hypothalamic-pontine-spinal pathway, promoting locomotor initiation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.

Here, Xiong et al investigate mid-gestational brain development from Down syndrome and control brain samples using single-nucleus RNA sequencing. They report cell-type- and region-specific transcriptional alterations associated with chr21 abnormalities.

Bulk superconductivity has been observed up to 96 K in pressurized bilayer nickelate single crystals which were synthesized under ambient pressure.

Nonsense mutations in OTOF cause hereditary deafness. RESTART v3 achieves efficient, precise readthrough at Otof c.1315 C > T (p.R439*) sites, reinstating arginine to yield full-length, functional otoferlin, markedly restoring hearing in mice and showing strong promise for clinical translation.

Biomimetic artificial nanochannels have potential applications in signal regulation and subcellular biosensing. Here authors present artificial nanochannels based on DNA-functionalized glass nanopipettes, which when targeted to mitochondria can be used to evaluate and manipulate the interaction network between mitochondria and other organelles.

Li-metal batteries suffer from sluggish kinetics at low temperatures. Here, authors propose a guideline for rational electrolyte solvent screening and design a class of asymmetric ethers, which bestows the Li metal pouch cell with a high specific energy of 345.3 Wh kg⁻¹ over 40 cycles at −40 °C.

Here the authors show how coronaviruses use host lipid metabolism and ER-associated degradation pathways to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) essential for RNA replication, demonstrating that the viral protein nsp6 tethers DMVs to lipid droplets and recruits ERAD-derived vesicles to enable membrane expansion and efficient replication.

Late-stage specific and selective modifications of peptides and proteins at target residues under ambient conditions are the most facile routes to various bioconjugates. Here, the authors report an orthogonal modification of cysteine residues using alkyl thianthreium salts, which proceeds with excellent chemoselectivity and compatibility under mild conditions, introducing a diverse array of functional structures.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.

The residual methylammonium cation from additives compromises the operational stability of formamidinium lead iodide-based solar cells under thermal/light stress. Here, authors introduce MASCN to enhance film formation in ethyl acetate antisolvent and achieve efficiency of 26.1% for stable devices.

Traveling waves in living active matter, such as bacterial liquid crystals, are challenging to control due to their chaotic nonequilibrium dynamics. Here, authors demonstrate controlled double traveling waves in living liquid crystals, revealing PT-symmetry breaking and enabling programmable wave patterns, including rings and letter-shaped trajectories.

Uncontrolled crystallization of perovskite limits the performance of solar cells. Zhou et al. address this through aromatic interactions between naphthalene ammonium salts and naphthalenesulfonates, achieving improved efficiency in cells and modules.

While many catalytic modes of palladium have been able to be supplanted by nickel catalysis, which is more Earth-abundant, enantioselective nickel-catalysed C–H activation remains unexplored. Here, the authors report an enantioselective C–H activation of metallocenes via a nickel–1′-bi-2-naphthol catalytic system.

The realization of 2D photodetectors with simultaneous high sensitivity to light polarization and intensity is challenging. Here, the authors report the fabrication of broadband black phosphorus meta-polarization detectors combining polarization extinction ratio tending to +/- ∞ and high specific detectivity also under blackbody radiation.

Efficient hydrogen production from water splitting remains a critical challenge for sustainable energy solutions. Here, the authors develop a ZnS-decorated ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst co-loaded with dual Ni(OH)₂ and Ni_xP cocatalysts via photochemical deposition, achieving a high photocatalytic hydrogen production rate and good stability.

Zika virus impairs male fertility by utilizing its NS2A protein to block the translation of CYP17A1 mRNA in Leydig cells, thereby suppressing testosterone synthesis and sperm production in vivo.

Kraft, Murphy, Jones et al. identify extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)-interacting elements (EIEs) enriched for transposable elements within ecDNA in colorectal cancer cells. They show that EIE 14 integrated within ecDNA acts as an enhancer to promote cancer fitness.

Multi-omics data are readily integrated using quartet reference materials.