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Acrylics and acrylates have become important building blocks for the chemical industry, but their efficient synthesis remains a challenge. Here, the authors report the first example of the catalytic aerobic partial oxidation of allyl ether to its acrylate ester derivative using a Li ion promoted mesoporous manganese oxide under mild conditions.

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation was explored using Ribo-STAMP and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal cell-type-specific and isoform-specific translation patterns across hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, highlighting functional differences between CA1 and CA3.

The role of rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumour development remains poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of germline P/LP variants in cancer predisposition genes across 830 CNS tumour patients.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

Streptococcus thermophilus phages circumvent host CRISPR defences via AcrIIIA2, which complexes with enolase, a highly abundant glycolysis enzyme, to block phage RNA binding.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) transport a substantial amount of energy and water, affecting the atmosphere and oceans. This Review outlines the immediate, short-term and long-term effects of TCs and the potential impacts of anthropogenic climate change.

This manuscript from Choquette and colleagues finds that sclerostin gene expression is up-regulated in bone by β3-adrenergic signaling via an adipose to bone relay and acts as an endocrine factor to inhibit adipose tissue beiging in mice.

DNA recognition and cleavage control in type II topoisomerases are poorly understood processes. Here, the authors determine cleaved and uncleaved structures of supercoiled DNA-bound topoisomerase VI that reveal how the enzyme activates its cleavage state and prefers to act at deformable substrates.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

EGF-induced recruitment of UPF1 adjacent to HNRNPC induces splicing surveillance of cell proliferation mRNAs.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

The coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease (ExoN) is a major cause of viral resistance to nucleotide analog (NA) antivirals. Here, the authors reveal how different NAs are recognized by ExoN, shedding light on improved anticoronavirus drug design.

The T-cell receptor (TCR) activation mechanism has remained uncertain. Here, the authors present molecular structures for the apo and ligand-bound human TCR–CD3 complex in lipid nanodiscs, revealing large conformational changes during activation.

The authors developed an LXR inverse agonist, TLC-2716, and show it is effective in reducing triglycerides and cholesterol in dysmetabolic preclinical models. Additionally, a phase 1 trial in healthy participants shows that TLC-2716 is well tolerated and reduces plasma triglycerides and postprandial remnant cholesterol, highlighting its potential for managing cardiovascular risk.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a high degree of genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Here, using a multi-omics approach, the authors investigate genetic alterations in association with the tumour microenvironment to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) improves muscle function, metabolism, and bone health in many other diseases. Here, Marcella et al. found that inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3, alone or combined with exercise, improves muscle health and function in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy without negatively affecting insulin sensitivity or bone health.

Reliability remains challenging for organic light-emitting diodes used in solid-state lighting. Here, the authors reduce the current density needed for a given brightness by fabricating devices on a high aspect ratio substrate with sub-mm texture, resulting in a 2.7x increase in operating lifetime.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Here, the authors report the characterization of stable few-layer PdSe₂ transistors encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, showing field effect mobilities up to 700 cm²/Vs at room temperature and signatures of an 8-fold spin-valley degeneracy of the magnetotransport quantum oscillations at cryogenic temperatures.

LYMTACs are heterobifunctional small molecules that take advantage of lysosomal membrane proteins to degrade membrane targets via relocalization and lysosomal degradation, offering a modular approach to drug otherwise intractable membrane proteins.

An RNA-binding protein on leukemia cells provides an effective target in mouse models.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

An innovative method using superconducting sensors precisely measures the recoil energy of lithium-7 nuclei, setting a lower limit on the spatial extent of neutrino wavepackets, advancing understanding of neutrino properties and weak nuclear decays.

As aromatic compounds can be obtained easily, their functionalization is a cornerstone of organic synthesis. Here, the authors report a dearomatization of aromatic isocyanides, installing three carbon-carbon bonds, two quaternary stereocenters, and three orthogonal functionalities in one operation.

Catenated cages are challenging synthetic targets in chemistry. Here, the authors employ a multi-component coordination strategy using a Pt(II) heteroligation to construct a cyclic bis[2]catenane metallacage, which could be reversibly transformed between the catenated structure and the bis-metallacage.

Concise routes to 25 naturally occurring picrotoxanes were devised using a virtual library of intermediate analogues triaged by reactivity; this approach can overcome challenges in the use of computers for synthesis design.

Sodium ion storage remains relatively unexplored in comparison with well-understood lithium ion storage mechanisms. Here, the authors systematically investigate the surface-redox sodium ion storage properties of anatase titanium dioxide, which delivers excellent rate capability, cycling stability and low overpotentials.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

De novo design of Ca²⁺ channels with ion selectivity that can assemble appropriately and mediate Ca²⁺ conductance when expressed in cells is described.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

A lipid nanoparticle is used to deliver mRNA to hematopoietic stem cells in macaques.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses caused an outbreak in dairy cattle. We show that the potential for avian viruses to replicate in cow cells varies across H5N1 evolution, suggesting that the risk of spillover into mammals differs between variants.

Next-generation batteries will present different risks to conventional lithium-ion cells, emphasizing the need for efforts towards characterizing the abuse tolerance and hazards associated with next-generation battery materials over their life cycle and providing the data in the context of supporting affected professionals.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Programming stimulus responsiveness into living systems enables advanced biocomputation. Here, the authors autonomously compile proteins with defined topology that can be site-specifically tethered to and conditionally released from biomaterials and cells following user-specified Boolean logic.

An analysis of the Drosophila connectome yields all cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, and their rules of connectivity.

Polyamines produced by gut bacteria have been proposed to contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, Nauta et al. show that bacteria can produce a noncanonical polyamine intermediate that functions similarly to deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitors, activates mitochondrial stress responses, and inhibits nematode development and mouse macrophage differentiation.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

A detailed spatiotemporal roadmap of the human female and male reproductive tracts during key periods of sexual differentiation provides new cellular and molecular insights into how early axial gradients lead to specific cell lineages and tissue structures.

Platelet aggregation is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, the authors have conducted a whole genome sequencing association study on platelet aggregation, discovering a locus in RGS18, where enhancer assays suggest an effect on activity of haematopoeitic lineage transcription factors.