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MitoCatch is a cell-type-specific mitochondrion-targeting system that links mitochondria and the cell surface by protein binders and delivers mitochondria into the target cell.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The authors characterized the spatial origin of Drosophila medulla neurons, completing their previous characterization of the temporal and Notch origins of these neurons and allowing them to correlate patterning of progenitors and neuronal type-specific features.

After spinal cord injury, lesion-remote astrocytes acquire heterogeneous, spatially restricted reactivity states that shape neuroinflammation, neural repair and neurological recovery.

Arboviruses often co-circulate, but cross-reactivity hampers serological diagnostics. Here, the authors paired multiplex serology with competitive immunoassays and Bayesian modelling to quantify antibody cross-reactivity and extract virus-specific signals from exposure data, enabling reconstruction of transmission dynamics.

Analyses of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data from a prospective cohort of 3,100 patients with esophageal carcinoma suggest intestinal metaplasia as a single precancer pathway preceding the disease.

In this phase 2 trial, combination treatment with elraglusib, a cell-permeable ATP-competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP), in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma led to prolonged overall survival compared with GnP only.

Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum relies on the development of gametocytes, which undergo extensive cellular remodelling. Here, the authors demonstrate that the PfGID E3 ubiquitin ligase complex affects gametocyte development by regulating key proteins, producing defective cells that cannot infect mosquitoes.

Determining the consequences of acetylation for a protein of interest in cells is a considerable challenge. Using genetic code expansion and p53, this study shows that site-specific incorporation of non-hydrolysable acetyllysine analogues enables functional analysis.

Machine-learning analyses in UK Biobank show that lifetime exposures predict brain health, with cardiovascular and metabolic factors emerging as key drivers of brain ageing. It further highlights the importance of early prevention.

Global change is altering biodiversity worldwide, yet species’ responses vary over time and remain difficult to predict. This study shows that key biological traits predict how estuarine macroinvertebrates respond to multiple global change drivers.

A tissue-engineered esophageal segment is functional in minipigs.

Singi et al. use a multiple instance learning AI system to analyze liquid tissue and blood Samples. Their system outperforms existing models on hematological tasks.

A deep-learning approach applied to routine CT scans is used to quantify the health of the thymus in a cohort of patients with cancer, and shows that thymic function is associated with immunotherapy outcomes.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Kir7.1 is an essential potassium channel. The authors report cryo-EM structures in multiple states revealing how bioactive lipids modulate Kir7.1, and define a pharmacological landscape that identifies agonists with therapeutic potential.

The study shows a micron-scale polariton structure where an artificial gauge field creates topological, non-reciprocal edge transport without strong magnetic fields, overcoming key limits for topological polariton lasers and devices.

Assessing thymic function and health has highlighted the lifelong importance of the thymus as an organ that could be targeted to improve health outcomes, protect against disease and promote healthy ageing.

Analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from archaeological canid remains found across Europe and Anatolia shows that a genetically homogeneous dog population was already widely distributed across the region by 15,000 years ago.

Improved red and green indicators for norepinephrine and their characterization are reported. These indicators allow detection of norepinephrine release in awake behaving mice in dual-color fiber photometry and two-photon imaging applications.

Here, the authors use the diurnal upside-down jellyfish and the crepuscular starlet sea anemone as simple nerve net models to examine the potential evolutionary origins of sleep. They describe and define sleep patterns in these species, finding that sleep deprivation increases neuronal DNA damage and that sleep facilitates genome stability.

The study shows that autophagy in fat cells protects against obesity-induced fibrosis. Autophagy limits the release of purines, a metabolic product, that signals to immune cells to initiate the fibrosis. Purines might be a potential target for reducing tissue fibrosis.

The engagement of immunological memory is a key component to the protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell responses. Here the authors assess the B and T cells of a cohort of UK healthcare workers in response to infection and longitudinally track the compartment showing distinct trajectories following early priming.

White matter (WM) astrocytes differ significantly from gray matter astrocytes, with WM astrocytes in the forebrain exhibiting unique proliferation capacity, which is absent in cerebellar WM, suggesting region-specific astrocyte generation.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Although noise is typically detrimental to quantum devices, it can serve as a resource for quantum thermal machines. Here, the authors demonstrate a device based on a superconducting quantum circuit that leverages noise to function as either a quantum heat engine or a refrigerator.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

The authors present a deep learning approach to uncover complex genetic effects on circulating protein levels. They reveal new interactions and dominance patterns using UK Biobank proteomics data.

PULSE is an optogenetic tool that consists of two modules with different wavelength sensitivities. Their interplay enables optogenetic access to gene expression in plants independently of ambient light.

Oat consumption, particularly a short-term, high-dose oat diet, improves metabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome by increasing microbially produced phenolic metabolites, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Part of understanding ageing involves knowing how the brain’s connecting pathways change in healthy aging. Here, authors provide a detailed characterisation of data from 3513 UK Biobank participants, and show that the microstructure of these pathways becomes more similar with age.

A giant planet candidate roughly the size of Jupiter but more than 14 times as massive is observed by TESS and other instruments to be transiting the white dwarf star WD 1856+534.

Maqdasy, Lecoutre et al. show that increased an phosphocreatine/creatine ratio in white adipocytes drives changes in AMP-activated protein kinase activity and promotes white adipocyte inflammation during obesity.

In this study, the authors present that expected-sound omissions in mouse auditory cortex evoked distinct, time-locked activity in layers 1–4 of the Temporal Association Area, suggesting a higher-order, integrated prediction error.

Compartmentalization via amphiphilic compounds was crucial for life’s emergence. In a bottom-up approach, the authors used organocatalysis to generate aldol oligomers that incorporated the catalyst as a polar head group, forming vesicle structures.

Little work has been done to describe and address the variability inherent in the agroinfiltration and genetic engineering of Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the authors identify and quantify the sources of virtually all variation and develop recommendations for minimizing variation.

Aging is associated with the formation of focal white matter lesions and atrophy. The authors discovered a role for CD8⁺ T cells in driving white matter-specific interferon responses in microglia and oligodendrocytes, leading to oligodendrocyte loss.

The Amazon faces worsening droughts, yet little is known about large-scale variation in the physiological limits of Amazon trees. Here, the authors reveal family-level conservatism in embolism resistance and estimate that Brazilian and Guiana shield forests are more resistant than Western Amazonia forests.

A single-step strategy is reported for the preparation of delaminated MXenes with positively charged surfaces from MAX phases. By combining Lewis acid etching with gas-mediated delamination in deep eutectic solvents, this approach offers a green, scalable and efficient route for MXene synthesis.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

The authors reveal how the intrinsically disordered oncoprotein N-Myc dynamically interacts with Aurora kinase A in an inhibitable binding mode that allosterically promotes its activation, offering opportunities to restrict neuroendocrine tumor growth.

The white pupae (wp) phenotype has been used for decades to selectively remove females of tephritid species in genetic sexing, but the determining gene is unknown. Here, the authors show that wp phenotype is produced by parallel mutations in a Major Facilitator Superfamily domain containing gene across multiple species.

Sticky-ended cohesion has historically been the driving force for DNA self-assembly and was employed for self-assembled crystals to avoid unpredictable packing; however, this limits the diversity of resulting architectures. Here, the authors employ composable DNA tiles to form complex 3D architectures using blunt-ended motifs with single duplex interfaces, leveraging the geometry of the tile and the terminal nucleobase identity to control self-assembly outcomes.

In colorectal cancer, therapeutic resistance is driven by MAPK-dependent epithelial cell plasticity.

Eroglu et al. report that epicardial progenitor cells expressing the tight junction protein CLDN6 give rise to cardiomyocytes to contribute to cardiac muscle regeneration following heart injury in salamanders.

The transcription factor TOX is well studied in the context of CD8⁺ T cell functionality, but less is known about its role in CD4⁺ T cells. Here the authors show that TOX drives T_H1 cell differentiation and effector function that can drive antitumor immunity and autoimmune pathology.