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Muscularis macrophages, housekeepers of enteric nervous system integrity and intestinal homeostasis, modulate α-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in models of Parkinson’s disease, and understanding the accompanying mechanisms could pave the way for early-stage biomarkers.

Germano-silicate used as a building material for integrated photonics circuits substantially reduces optical losses, approaching levels comparable to those in optical fibres.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

Phylodynamic modelling shows how the changing antibiotic landscape and genetic determinants of resistance shape real-world gonococcal dynamics. Experiments validated that determinants with identical resistance phenotype differed in impact on fitness.

Here they demonstrate a therapeutic intervention elevating levels of CYP450-derived lipids to control the expansion of intermediate monocytes in tissue and peripheral blood, presenting a first in class therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory disease.

Laser-induced conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which detects electrons emitted by ²²⁹Th nuclei in a thin ThO₂ sample excited by vacuum ultraviolet light, is demonstrated, opening the possibility of a conversion-electron-based nuclear clock.

Citizen science data are increasingly used in biodiversity monitoring. This study applies a digital twin approach to biodiversity monitoring using a large citizen science dataset on birds from Finland, demonstrating its potential for ecological forecasting.

Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2b (PvRBP2b) is important for invasion of reticulocytes and PvRBP2b antibodies correlate with protection. Here, Chan et al. isolate and characterize anti-PvRBP2b human monoclonal antibodies and describe mechanisms by which these antibodies inhibit invasion.

Hole spin qubits in germanium have seen significant advancements, though improving control and noise resilience remains a key challenge. Here, the authors realize a dressed singlet-triplet qubit in germanium, achieving frequency-modulated high-fidelity control and a tenfold increase in coherence time.

A label-free, DNA-based proximity ligation assay that uses ligatable staple pairs enables the longitudinal quantification of DNA origami structural stability dynamics in vivo, with single-helix resolution for both wireframe and lattice designs.

T cells can recognise lipid antigen in the context of CD1d molecules. Here, the authors show that γδ T cell activation in response to CD1d differs from that of αβ T cells and determine the structure of a γδ T cell receptor that binds to CD1d independently of the presented lipid.

Untargeted metabolomics faces challenges in metabolite origin inference and metabolite annotation. Here, the authors present TidyMass2, a user-friendly computational framework with metabolite origin inference and feature-based functional module analysis to enhance biological interpretation.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

Newly developed mouse models that enable cell-specific analyses of proteostasis dynamics across the lifespan of the mice reveal key aspects of neuronal proteostasis with ageing.

Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.

Focused ion beam-based nanofabrication enables the production of 3D helical devices from single-crystalline Co₃Sn₂S₂. The resulting chiral geometry-driven symmetry breaking produces a diode-like electrical response in transport measurements.

Sonomate is a digital assistant for ultrasound examinations, supporting users through feedback, anatomical recognition and interactive question answering.

Bacteria secrete polysaccharides essential for colonization and infections. Here, the authors reveal the structure and mechanism of WzaB, a Class-3 OPX protein, uncovering a distinct trans-envelope secretion complex driving critical polysaccharide export in diderm bacteria.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

Engineering motif-specific 'hot spots' into an antibody scaffold yields antibodies with high affinity to targets containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine.

Multimodal fusion of digital pathology and transcriptomics can improve cancer diagnosis, but remains impractical in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop a crossmodal generative model, PathGen, to synthesise transcriptomic data from histopathology slides, and show how the combination of these multimodal data improves cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

Cas12a3 nucleases constitute a distinct clade of type V CRISPR–Cas bacterial immune systems that preferentially cleave the 3′ tails of tRNAs after recognition of target RNA to induce growth arrest and block phage dissemination.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

High-dimensional immune profiling of a living recipient of a pig-to-human xenotransplant provides insight into the immune landscape of xenotransplantation and directions for improved immunosuppression strategies.

Drug combination therapy is often required to overcome the limited benefits of monotherapy in cancer treatment. Here the authors present SynergyLMM, which harmonizes analyses of drug combination experiments in animal studies, helping researchers statistically test synergy and antagonism, design well-powered experiments, and enhancing eventual translation to more effective combination therapies.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Sodium-ion batteries are promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion systems yet limited by underperforming anodes. This Review highlights advances and challenges in hard carbon and alloy-based anodes, outlining design strategies to boost capacity, stability and commercial viability of next-generation high-energy sodium-ion batteries.

Authors demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of direct bandgap quantum wells in the hexagonal Si_1−xGe_x system. Photoluminescence experiments show light emission up to room temperature, and the emission wavelength can be tuned by thickness of the wells and the Si composition.

Disulfide bonds act as dynamic redox switches that modulate protein function. Here, the authors reveal a glycoside hydrolase in which reversible disulfide formation remodels the active site to control catalysis.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

The timing of respiratory syncytial virus seasonal epidemic peaks in Japan shifted in 2016-17. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to evaluate the hypothesis that this change in timing may be due to an increase in use of childcare facilities following a policy change

Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) serves as an entry receptor for Semliki Forest virus (SFV), but the ApoER2-mediated SFV entry mechanism remains unclear. Here, using cryo-EM and complementary approaches, the authors unveil a distinct LA5-dependent binding mode.

FeGe is an antiferromagnetic kagome metal with a rich magnetic and electronic phase diagram. Recently it was found that post-growth annealing of FeGe can suppress or induce charge density wave order depending on the annealing temperature. Here, Klemm, Siddique et al show the critical role that annealing induced Ge-vacancies and stacking faults play in the formation of charge density wave order in FeGe.

Here, the authors perform metagenomic analysis of Ecuadorian mothers and children showing that improved WASH and reduced animal exposure can lower antimicrobial resistance in the gut but may reduce gut microbial diversity, with the strongest effects observed in mothers.

Kozai, Fernandez-Martinez et al. use high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the permeability barrier of yeast nuclear pore complexes. They show that karyopherins remodel a central plug that shapes barrier dynamics and disorder within the pore.

Tissue co-regulation score regression (TCSC) infers causal tissues and partitions trait heritability into tissue-specific components using a transcriptome-wide association study framework. Applying TCSC to 78 complex traits and diseases identifies biologically plausible tissue–trait relationships.

This work presents a global wind power simulation tool that uses high-resolution data and extensive validation to improve accuracy. It corrects wind speed biases and validates against real-world data, enhancing reliability for wind energy assessments across various scales and regions.

A hexagonal (rather than cubic) alloy of silicon and germanium that has a direct (rather than indirect) bandgap emits light efficiently across a range of wavelengths, enabling electronic and optoelectronic functionalities to be combined on a single chip.

Owing to its very low magnetization, small currents suffice to write a ferrimagnetic Heusler memory layer in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible magnetic tunnel via spin-transfer torque, which can help in shrinking the memory cell and extending the application space for magnetic random-access memory.

How the complex interplay between multiple nutrients within the microenvironment dictates potential sites of metastatic cancer growth is explored.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Engineering the interaction between spin and charge is important for the creation of spintronics devices. Here, the authors show that the Rashba effect at a single crystalline Fe/Ge(111) interface produces enhanced spin-charge conversion, which could help develop a spin field-effect-transistor.

Spin ices are magnetic materials in which excitations equivalent to monopoles can occur. Using high-pressure techniques, Zhouet al. synthesize a new member of the spin ice family, Dy₂Ge₂O₇, in which monopoles exist at higher densities, and can stabilize as dimers.

The type I interferon response is suppressed during early development, making embryos susceptible to pathogens. Here, the authors show that this suppression contributes to normal development by preventing an aberrant immune response against endogenous double stranded RNAs.

Liver-restricted viral infection in mice results in secondary lymphoid organ dormancy and the compensatory induction of specialized lymphoid tissue in the liver, the structural features and functional outputs of which are closely mirrored in humans.