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‘Populations residing near nuclear power plants may experience low-level chronic exposure to ionizing radiation through environmental release pathways. In here the authors find higher cancer mortality rates in U.S. counties closer to operational nuclear power plants, with the strongest relative risks observed in older adults.’

Most H₂ used in the chemical industry is derived from fossil fuels. Now it has been shown that coupling native microbial H₂ pathways with engineered alkene biosynthesis and membrane-bound Pd catalysis enables biocompatible hydrogenation of metabolic intermediates in living bacteria. This hybrid chemo-microbial platform supports the carbon-negative synthesis of industrial chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.

The immunological events that correlate with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) containment in immune suppressed hosts remain to be explored. The authors here show that CD8⁺ T cells are critical for BCG vaccination-induced prevention of Mtb dissemination in the absence of CD4⁺ T cells in a mouse model of contained tuberculosis.

Antibody mediated prevention (AMP) trials with the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 showed protection against VRC01-sensitive viruses. Here, by deep sequencing plasma samples from 172 participants of the AMP trials, the authors show a high frequency of multilineage HIV infections (38%), including coinfection with both sensitive and resistant viruses, and demonstrate that VRC01 doesn’t alter the transmission bottleneck.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Photonic neuromorphic hardware is fast and energy-efficient, but large circuit footprints remain a key bottleneck for scaling. Here, Sestoft et al. demonstrate a few-nanowire artificial neuron that can reduce circuit footprints by ≥100 × .

An analysis of satellite data follows ~1 km³ of flood water drain over only 3 weeks from a glacier-covered lake along a 50 km path beneath the ice to the glacier margin, providing important insight for predicting the future of glaciers and ice sheets.

Authors present a framework that harmonizes electronic health record data across hospitals by integrating medical knowledge, large language models, and graph learning. It enables cross-institutional analysis without sharing patient-level data.

The immune mechanism causing ischemic heart failure pathology in myocardial infarction (MI) requires further exploration. The authors here find NK cells are recruited to ischemic heart after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Pharmacological depletion of NK cells reduces the pathology.

Here, the authors show that continuous glucose metrics capture some components of glycaemic physiology in euglycaemic individuals. An evaluation of health outcomes longer-term would be required to assess whether continuous glucose monitoring has utility for health management in this population.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

The transcriptome and proteome provide complementary information about the cellular phenotype, state and function. Here, the authors introduce SPARO, a method that enables simultaneous profiling of cell type-specific transcriptomes and proteomes in vitro and in vivo by leveraging TurboID-based biotinylation of RNA-interacting cytosolic proteins to enrich both proteins and associated RNAs.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Neighborhood social determinants of health influence cardiovascular risk, but early-life exposure effects remain unclear. Here the authors show that higher early adulthood neighborhood social determinants of health indices are associated with higher middle-aged coronary artery calcification.

Iontronic drug delivery is limited to small, charged molecules. Here the authors couple iontronic transport with bio-orthogonal click-to-release chemistry to unlock electrically controlled activation of drugs and proteins beyond size and charge limits.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

This long-term, large-scale intervention and follow-up MRI study suggests that sustained visceral fat loss, rather than weight loss, is linked to better cognition and attenuation of brain atrophy years later, mainly via improved glycaemic control.

Whether anterior cingulate cortex neurons track cognitive variables or primarily reflect movements remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that anterior cingulate neurons are modulated by both movements and a movement-independent record of past decisions/outcomes that is similar across subjects.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

Insights into the mechanism by which phosphatidylserine functions as a non-classical inhibitory molecule during T cell exhaustion, and how phosphatidylserine-targeting antibodies enhance T cell responses are explored.

This study analyzes 15,572 pathway-specific, georeferenced Natural Climate Solution implementation constraint observations in 137 countries, finding that lack of policy coordination or implementation capacity are most-observed barriers to scaling up.

This study identifies extensive lateral interdigitations in the kidney’s ascending thin limb and demonstrates that Claudin-10b regulates both epithelial architecture and urine-concentrating function in this distinct nephron segment.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, with pancreatectomy as the only potentially curative option. This Phase II trial assessed distant metastasis-free survival in locally advanced disease using GVAX vaccine, pembrolizumab, and SBRT following chemotherapy.

Dissociative ionization of H₂ molecules by the combination of a phase-locked attosecond laser pair and a few-cycle NIR laser shows that ion–photoelectron entanglement influences electronic coherence in H₂⁺, allowing control over the degree of entanglement by varying the delay between the pulses.

Processivity is a fundamental principle in biopolymer assembly and breakdown. This study uncovers a tunnel-based processive mechanism for the depolymerization of β(1,3)-glucans, expanding this paradigm to the major classes of β-glucans in nature.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

Climate of the last 2.5 million years is simulated, showing good agreement with proxy data, and identifying CO2 and ice feedbacks, rather than direct orbital forcing, as the primary causes of global temperature change.

Atopic dermatitis is an immune disease driven by cytokines including IL-4/IL-13. This study shows that a topical ITK/TRK inhibitor blocks an array of T cell cytokines, inhibits NGF-induced basophil activation, and reduces inflammation in human skin explants and dermatitis models, indicating therapeutic potential.

A 2-year metagenomic study of wastewater across 19 sites from 4 Indian metros reveals city-specific microbial diversity yet homogenous resistomes. Authors notes differential association of antibiotic-resistance genes with mobile genetic elements.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Cation identity and concentration influence electrocatalytic reactions, yet the origin remains debated. Here, the authors report a theoretical framework showing how cations modulate interfacial electrostatics and water dissociation kinetics, explaining multiple inversions of cation-dependent activity trends in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Cellular responses to stimuli can involve learned behaviors through memory formation. Here, the authors show that cancer cells encode gene expression into cellular memories during therapy resistance via the transcription factor AP-1.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Chronic diabetic wounds heal poorly due to impaired tissue repair and persistent inflammation. Here, authors demonstrate that a Smad7-based topical biologic accelerates diabetic wound healing by improving epithelial regeneration and reducing inflammatory neutrophil activity.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

IL-17RA signaling on Paneth progenitors, via ADAM17, modulates Paneth cell dedifferentiation and their ability to replenish the intestinal crypt post-irradiation injury.