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This study shows that acidification increases substrate affinity in ammonia-oxidizing microbes, partly offsetting reduced ammonia availability. Stronger responses in archaea than bacteria explain contrasting ecosystem reactions.

Rancid odors trigger retching and aversion. Here, authors show a nose-to-brain axis whereby such odors activate olfactory-piriform circuits that diverge to mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens to mediate retching-like behavior and aversion.

Early identification of high-risk trauma patients in prehospital settings is essential for effective triage and improved survival. Here the authors show that a real-time ensemble AI model accurately predicts emergency department mortality using only prehospital data, outperforming traditional triage tools.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Authors converted waste ozonation catalysts into carbon-based nano-single-atom-site catalysts through in-situ carbonization of self-doped biological secretions, enabling efficient regeneration and resource reuse.

The efficiency of selenium photovoltaics is hindered by the poor crystallization of the Se film. Wen, Li, Lu and colleagues use light to initiate Se crystallization, suppressing dewetting and enabling the formation of a continuous film, which achieves a certified efficiency of 10.3%.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

KP.3.1.1 S S31del confers enhanced immune escape and increased infectivity, which is counterbalanced by NSP10 S33C. The opposing effects of these mutations highlight the complex interplay of viral genomic elements in shaping their overall fitness.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Gold nanoclusters with strong emissions in the near-infrared are challenging to attain. Here, the authors show that for rod-shaped nanoclusters, both the shape of the kernel and the rigid surface structure are important to increase the NIR emissions.

Cervical screening is a key method for detecting cervical cancer, but is limited by pathologist detection. Here, the authors use artificial intelligence to predict cytology grades from whole slide images.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

The chemoselective hydrogenation of molecules containing multiple reducible groups using molecular hydrogen presents inherent challenges. Here, the authors synthesize a homoleptic gold nanocluster that demonstrates exceptional catalytic selectivity, activity, and yield for the hydrogenation of 4-nitroacetophenone in water under mild conditions.

Literature mining, such as systematic review and meta-analysis, is crucial for discovering, integrating, and interpreting emerging research. This study presents a specialized large language model for literature that outperforms six general LLMs and helps clinicians in study selection and data extraction tasks.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Cells decode temporal patterns into gene expression states through amplitude and frequency modulation. Now it is shown that frequency modulation increases information entropy compared with amplitude modulation alone.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition leading to extreme muscle weakness due to autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junctions. Here authors assign a critical role for platelets in amplifying the pro-inflammatory response in AChR+ immunotherapy-naïve MG (nMG) patients and thus contributing to disease pathology.

RNF214 ubiquitin ligase is understudied. Here the authors show RNF214 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing non-proteolytic ubiquitylation of TEADs and activating YAP signaling pathway.

Drought is an increasing threat to global food security. By compiling a dataset of 92,096 hybrid-trial observations across the U.S. Corn Belt, this study finds that modern breeding has concurrently delivered both higher yields and improved drought resistance.

Realizing artificial synapses that mirror those found in the brain is a major challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate the fabrication of a laterally coupled oxide-based artificial synapse via a self-assembling process.

Molybdenum disulphide offers some tantalizing advantages over graphene as a material with which to fabricate field-effect transistors. Kimet al. present a comprehensive study of field-effect transistors made from multilayer samples of MoS₂and find that they can achieve high carrier mobilities.

Familial spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a rare heritable neurodegenerative disorders. Here, the authors show SPG80-associated protein UBAP1 deficiency disrupts lysosomal and mTORC1 signal, indicating rapamycin could potentially benefit SPG80 patients.

The design and assembly of interlocked supramolecular cages is of interest due to their exquisite topological configuration and excellent performance in a variety of applications. Here, the authors synthesize interlocked cages from half-sandwich rhodium building blocks and prepare membranes for applications in photothermal seawater desalination.

Neural mechanisms underlying “pain inhibiting pain” are not fully understood. Here authors show that a neuronal ensemble of the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex responds to noxious stimulus signals from diverse body regions, and define the intra-somatosensory cortical circuits mediating pain-induced analgesia.

This study reports a machine learning decoder that efficiently corrects errors in quantum logical circuits with entangling gates. The Multi-Core Circuit Decoder achieves competitive accuracy while running much faster than conventional methods.

Viruses such as EBV use various mechanisms to avoid antiviral responses. Here the authors propose that the EBV protein BRRF2 is secreted via extracellular vesicles from NPC cells, disrupts the cGAS-STING pathway, reduces cGAS-DNA phase separation and the subsequent antiviral response.

Clinical calculators play a vital role in healthcare, but their utilization remains to be optimized. The authors present AgentMD, an AI agent that can autonomously curate clinical calculators from medical literature and apply them to various use cases.

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging class of precision nanomaterials and hold potential in many applications. Here, the authors devise a [Au₁₃Ag₁₂(PPh₃)₁₀Cl₈]⁺ nanocluster with two conformational isomers that can reversibly convert in response to temperature, and hence acts as a rotary nanomotor.

HEPN–MNT is a bacterial type VII toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, comprising the HEPN toxin and the MNT antitoxin. Crystal structures and functional assays of the HEPN–MNT module suggest that HEPN is a metal-dependent RNase and identify its active site residues and regulatory mechanism.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Human embryonic stem cells are simultaneously capable of self-renewal and poised for differentiation. Here, the authors show a role for the ZNF263 transcription factor promotes primed pluripotency and facilitates differentiation into primary germ layer lineages.

Fur farming represents an important hub of cross-species transmission for viral zoonoses.

Using a single strategy to make a number of related intermediates is a useful strategy in the total synthesis. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a number of natural products, employing two diastereomerically complementary metal-catalyzed cyclizations as the key step to access a number of frameworks.

The ectoenzyme CD73 is often elevated in tumour environments and targeting this protein is a tumour therapeutic target. Here the authors characterise a therapeutic anti-CD73 antibody cocktail which is more effective than either antibody alone and suggest a molecular mechanism of how this antibody cocktail functions.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Strong magnetic interfacial coupling in van der Waals heterostructures provides a new platform for discovering novel physics and effects. Here, the authors report the formation of skyrmion lattice in the WTe₂/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals heterostructure and a Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction with a large energy density of 1.0 mJm⁻².

The blood ApoM-S1P complex regulates vascular functions, but its role in neurogenic niches remains unclear. Here, the authors show that the blood ApoM-S1P complex preserves V-SVZ homeostasis and protects against early features of Alzheimer’s disease.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Neuraminidase inhibitors offer a line of defence against flu infections, but resistance can occur even in the absence of prior exposure. Here Wan et al. describe the mode of action of CD6, a monoclonal antibody that protects against a common influenza strain, as a new therapeutic intervention model.