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High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

The first sample of farside lunar soil, collected by Chang’e-6, is strongly cohesive. The high cohesion stems from its fine particle size with intricate shape, probably a result of the high plagioclase abundance and intense meteorite impacts at the sampling site.

The Chang’e-6 landing site contains ~30 ppm more water on its surface than its subsurface, with observed temporal variations. It holds twice the water content of the Chang’e-5 landing site. These findings demonstrate that solar wind and impacts are key to the formation of lunar water.

A high-resolution terrain dataset was developed for the CE-6 landing site, revealing that its exposure age lies between CE-4 and CE-5 sites, with diverse material sources and covered by ejecta from a nearby 51-meter crater.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes severe yield and quality loss in cereal crops worldwide. Here, the authors report a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel/Ca^2 + -permeable channel encoding protein negatively regulate PHS and its involvement in modulating of calcium and hormonal signaling pathways in wheat.

Analyses of Chang’e-6 samples from the lunar farside reveal high water contents and low δD values, with comparisons to other lunar samples suggesting that solar-wind-implanted surface water varies with latitude and regolith maturity.

Combining distinct confinement mechanisms can enable the engineering of novel electronic states. Here, the authors integrate a moiré potential with vertical quantum confinement in a heterostructure composed of twisted bilayer MoS₂ on (111)-oriented Bi nanofilms, revealing experimental signatures of a Wigner crystal.

The lunar mantle may have remained reduced, according to the oxygen fugacity of 2.0 Ga Chang’e-5 basalt that is similar to 3.6 − 3.0 Ga Apollo basalts and pyroclastic glasses.

Species’ varied responses to environmental change help stabilize ecosystems, yet quantifying these dynamics remains challenging. This study reveals that plankton in Lake Geneva exhibit time-varying response diversity that stabilizes biomass within but not across trophic levels.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Response to next-generation selective oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) antagonist/degraders (SERDs) in ER+ breast cancer patients can be promising, but responses in advanced, pre-treated disease are heterogenous. Here, using samples from breast cancer patients pre-and post-SERD treatment, the authors identify loss of luminal lineage and subsequent ERα independence as a driver of SERD resistance.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The Chinese Chang’e-6 mission plans to bring a sample from the lunar farside in 2024. Here the characterization and scientific potential of the three candidate landing sites are presented. They are located around the roughly 4-Gyr-old Apollo crater, located within the South Pole–Aitken basin.

Conventional neuromorphic vision systems based on pixels-to-one-memristor architecture face efficiency challenge. Here, Sun et al. report an architecture employing one-pixel-to-multiple-memristor structure, mapping weight updates to voltage vectors to enhance both processing speed and energy efficiency.

Laboratory analysis of returned Chang’E-5 samples from the lunar surface show their hydroxyl contents to be on the weak end of lunar hydration features.

Water and oxygen jointly influence the oxidation of copper, but their respective roles are difficult to disentangle. Here, the authors show that hydroxyl species adsorb at the Cu/CuO_x interface, roughen the surface, and enable deeper oxygen penetration and higher Cu mobility.

Sodium-ion batteries require electrolytes that withstand high voltages and low temperatures for commercial use. Here, authors design a non-flammable sulfonamide solvent with a melting point as low as −86 °C, enabling stable, conductive interphases on both electrodes. This electrolyte allows 1-Ah pouch cells to retain capacity at −60 °C/−70 °C and achieve long cycling stability (up to 81.6% after 1000 cycles at 4.2 V).

The Chang’E-4 mission in January 2019 had the major challenge to land on the lunar far side without traditional radiometric techniques due to the missing line-of-sight. The authors here describe landing trajectory reconstruction and positioning techniques based upon the Moon’s digital terrain model that allowed reproducing the entire process of a successful landing.

Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Examining zeolites at the single-nanoparticle level uncovers intrinsic adsorption kinetics and reveals that pore confinement can dominate over chemical interactions in controlling molecular uptake.

A hydrated lunar mineral, (NH₄)MgCl₃·6H₂O, is found in Chang’e-5 samples. The presence of abundant water and ammonium molecules on the Moon provides insight into the lunar degassing history and a potential resource for lunar habitation.

A close look at microcraters on a lunar grain from a Chang’e-5 returned sample shows evidence of the formation of nanophase metallic iron (np-Fe⁰) via disproportionation of Fe²⁺ triggered by secondary impacts, with no space weathering contribution from the solar wind.

Isotopic analysis of basalt clasts returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission indicates that the rocks were derived from a mantle source that lacked potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

This work effectively addresses the long-standing challenge of competitive kinetics in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems through the synergistic interaction between nitrogen vacancies (Nv) and Fe sites on carbon nitride.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems offer a strong response to perturbations, offering a promising platform for sensing. By using a third-order EP of coherent perfect absorption, here, authors demonstrate signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in a passive cavity magnonic system, providing a step forward towards future developments of EP sensing.

An analysis of subsoil structure using lunar regolith penetrating radar at the Chang’E-6 landing site indicates a distinct 2-layer structure, and when compared with Apollo mission data, suggests a link between regolith maturity and electromagnetic properties.

A meta-topological hydrogel suppresses multisource motion artefacts across tailored frequencies, enabling artefact-free haemodynamic and electrophysiological recording with robust fatigue profiling.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

Reconfigurable chip-to-free-space interfaces based on thin-film lithium niobate microrings generate on-demand nonlinear structured light, including tunable optical vortices, optical skyrmions and spatiotemporal vortex pulses.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

Initial spectral observations by China’s Chang’E-4 far-side lunar rover suggest the presence of materials that may originate from the Moon’s mantle.

Three different layers can be distinguished in the first 500 metres of depth beneath the South Pole–Aitken basin on the Moon: a first layer made up by regolith and ejecta material from different craters, followed by a middle unit of mare basalts and finally a >200-m-thick layer of ejecta from the Leibnitz crater.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

In mice, a circuit between the spinal cord and various regions of the brain, centring on spinal-cord-projecting neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla, has a key role in driving chronic pain.