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Gas diffusion electrodes enable electrochemical H₂O₂ production, but fused binders and disordered pores restrict mass transport. Here, the authors report a non-fused gradient catalyst layer that supports directional self-transport and stable high efficiency at industrial current densities.

Photonic topological insulators guide light robustly, but not at multiple colors needed for applications like frequency doubling. The authors theoretically demonstrate a broadband nonlinear resonator array that overcomes this, hosting topological edge states for two colors to achieve efficient nonlinear light conversion and programmable chirality.

Here the authors report an analysis of two large nationwide cohort studies, the UK biobank and NHANES, suggesting that accelerated biological aging mediate a proportion of the association between social determinants of health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

The typical small sizes of silver microcrystals prevent the full characterization of fundamental plasmonic properties and limits applications. Here, Wanget al. report the synthesis of large colloidal silver crystals with superior nonlinear properties and surface plasmon polariton propagation lengths beyond 100 μm.

Observation and control of spin-forbidden dark excitons is demonstrated in a hybrid heterostructure of WSe₂ monolayers and plasmonic nanocavities.

Exciton energy transfer in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is limited to short distances. Here, Shi et al. fabricate a planar metal-oxide-semiconductor structure and show that exciton energy transfer can be extended to tens of microns, mediated by an exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton–exciton conversion mechanism.

Repeated stimuli typically suppress neural responses. Here, the authors show that sounds repeatedly delivered from the same spatial location evoke long-lasting neural facilitation and membrane potential depolarization in marmoset auditory cortex.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Vocal communication requires both hearing external stimuli, and keeping track of one's own vocalizations during speech. In several species, including humans, auditory neurons are suppressed during vocalization, but the function of this was unclear. In marmosets, neurons in primary auditory cortex are more sensitive to perturbations in vocal feedback despite the general suppression, a possible mechanism for active monitoring of self-generated sounds.

Helicity of photons is exploited for preferential emission direction and sorting of valley-polarized excitons is achieved at room temperature.

The accrual of soil carbon from absorptive fine roots exceeds that of leaf litter in forests despite lower productivity, according to an analysis of field observations from Northern Hemisphere forest sites.

Evidence is shown for a skyrmion-like texture in the layer polarization of the electronic wavefunctions of a twisted two-dimensional material. This provides support for theories that link this spatial texture to the topological properties.

Vocalizations such as speech or animal calls have high variability in production. Here, the authors report that a few mid-level acoustic features provide sufficient information to generalize across this variability and classify vocalization types and auditory cortical neurons exhibit tuning to these features.

Individuals with SYK gain-of-function variants develop immunodeficiency and systemic inflammation, which are recapitulated in a knock-in mouse model. Treatment of these mice with bone marrow transplantation or with a SYK inhibitor ameliorates disease symptoms, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for patients with SYK mutations.

The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is the major limitation for the production of natural gas. Here the authors develop a catalytic-drive approach with Ni2Al3 alloy catalyst to enable nearly complete conversion of various agricultural and forestry residues into natural gas.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

This study uses deep learning and gaze-tracking to track pathologists' work and learn how they review tissue images. This “learned expertise” was applied to guide artificial intelligence models, such as weakly supervised learning and reinforcement learning, to achieve accurate diagnosis of Whole Slide Images.

Using a large multisite dataset of people with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, the authors show global brain connectivity alterations in the sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of allohexaploid bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS-IAAS), along with transcriptomic and proteomic data, highlights wheat genome complexity and its structural and functional features.

In nonhuman primates, the role of frontal cortex in vocal production is unclear. Using wireless recording techniques in marmosets in a naturalistic social context, here the authors show that frontal cortex neural signals show distinct patterns for different call types.

Accurate detection of antigen p24 for HIV−1 early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors present a click chemistry amplified nanopore (CAN) assay that allows p24 quantification at ultralow concentration range in clinical samples.

During cold exposure, activated brown adipose tissue takes up a large amount of circulating glucose to fuel thermogenesis. Here, the authors show that cold stress enhances the packaging of miR-378a-3p into BAT-derived EVs, which are delivered to the liver and consequently stimulates gluconeogenesis.

Setaria pan-genome constructed using genome assemblies of 110 representative accessions and variation analyses provides insights into foxtail millet domestication and the genetic basis for crop improvement.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a heterogeneous disease with complicated pathogenesis. Here the authors identify that the E3 ligase TRIM26 confers protection against NASH development via suppression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPδ).

The authors developed an optical imaging approach for mapping cortical functions through the intact skull in marmoset monkeys. Detailed functions and topographies were revealed in visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices at mesoscopic scales.

The enantioselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated hydrocarbons to construct C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds is challenging. Now a nickel-catalysed enantioselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated heterocycles using olefins has been developed. The enantio- and diastereoselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated hydrocarbons with alkenyl boronates has also been achieved to give alkyl boronates containing 1,2-adjacent C(sp³) stereocentres.