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He, Wang, Shen, Dong and colleagues find that unsaturated fatty acids enriched in a black rice diet inhibit amyloid pathology, rescue cognition and restore physiological lifespan in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease via allosteric activation of GPR120.

Developing bioorthogonal reactions that enable investigation of biological processes is an important aim in chemical biology. Here, the authors report the malononitrile addition to azodicarboxylate (MAAD) as a class of catalyst-free bioorthogonal reactions.

Munc13-4 is known to regulate a Ca²⁺- stimulated exosome release pathway. Here, the authors discover that Munc13-4 promotes breast cancer immune evasion through regulation of PD-L1 sorting in exosomes.

Identifying trends in electrocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide reduction can help with catalyst design, but are difficult to define. Here, the authors develop an electrochemical kinetic model of the process, identifying scaling relations relating transition state energies to CO adsorption energy on metal surfaces.

Cu-based catalysts for the conversion of C₂H₂ to C₂H₄ are plagued by side reactions. Here, Cu nanodots for C₂H₂ semihydrogenation are reported to reach current densities >400 mA cm⁻² and selectively produce polymer-grade ethylene over 130 h.

The clinical translation of STING agonists is limited by suboptimal response rates and dose-limiting toxicities. Here, this group identifies a regulator of cholesterol metabolism as a negative modulator of STING activation, then develops a formulation delivering low-dose STING agonist alongside PCSK9-targeting siRNA for cancer therapy.

Tandem electro-biocatalytic systems present a versatile platform for producing a variety of synthetic products using CO₂ as a starting material. Here direct ocean carbon capture is incorporated into an electrolysis scheme to produce formic acid from CO₂ dissolved in seawater that is subsequently converted to succinate in a bioreactor.

Here, the authors propose an anion intercalation strategy to mitigate the stability problem of aqueous non-Kolbe electrolysis, which enables the efficient upgrading of carboxylate salts to value-added chemicals.

This study reveals that the deubiquitinase YOD1 is upregulated in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and exacerbates ferroptosis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing NCOA4, thereby promoting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. YOD1 deficiency alleviated lung injury, suggesting YOD1 as a potential therapeutic target for ALI.

Nie et al. show that myocardial CCDC25 detects doxorubicin-induced neutrophil extracellular trap DNA and activates reactive oxygen species production and autophagy, leading to cardiotoxicity. Targeting CCDC25 exerts a cardioprotective effect without impacting the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in lymphoma and breast cancer models.

The authors demonstrate a facile pressure-induced methodology to generate a cost-effective heterogeneous electrocatalytic metal hydride surface for sustainable hydrogen transfer.

A key question in the ubiquitin-proteasome system is how E3 ligases select their substrates. Here, the authors reveal that CRL2^FEM1B E3 ligase functions as a dimer and employs a bipartite mode of substrate recognition, requiring a C-terminal proline and an upstream aromatic residue in the target.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

It remains unclear why a heightened proinflammatory cytokine response is observed during coronavirus infection. Here, Liu et al show that the envelope protein of severe coronaviruses triggers hyperinflammation by activating TMED10-mediated release of inflammatory factors.

Macrophages are considered a good candidate for cancer cytotherapy because of their phagocytotic capacity, enabling them to deliver cargo to tissues. Here authors engineer macrophages that are targeted to glypican-3-expressing tumour cells and equipped with drug-loaded exosomes and show therapeutic efficiency in a mouse model of hepatocellular cancer.

Catalytic syngas conversion is an essential part of sustainable chemical production but is hindered by the trade-off between conversion activity and product selectivity. Here the authors address this challenge by developing a catalytic shunt strategy.

p38 MAPK attenuation therapy significantly alleviated senescence of suture progenitor cells and craniosynostosis.

Japonica rice generally has greater capacity for low temperatures germination (LTG) than indica rice. Here, the authors report an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-encoding gene OsUBC12 can increase LTG in japonica rice by negatively regulate ABA signaling via promoting the proteasomal degradation of OsSnRK1.1.

A map of microbiome–metabolome dynamics in people with type 2 diabetes identifies over 500 blood metabolites associated with impaired glucose control, with approximately one-third linked to an altered gut microbiome.

Ferroelectric phase stability is a pivotal challenge for fluorite-structure ferroelectrics. Using electron microscopy, a ferroelastically protected reversible polar-to-non-polar phase transition in ZrO₂ is observed and the critical strain state to break the reversibility is measured.

Type 2 diabetes often presents with reproductive disorders, including reduced male and female fertility. Here they show that diabetes disrupts the APLN signaling axis in the testes and that spermatogenesis can be restored through treatment with an APLN antagonist.

The ClC-3 chloride/proton exchanger is both physiologically and pathologically critical. Here, authors determined the structures of wildtype and disease-causing I607T mutant of ClC-3 in the apo and adenine nucleotides bounded states, which lays the structural basis of adenine nucleotides regulation in ClC-3.

Physical reservoirs that contain intrinsic nonlinear dynamic processes could serve as next-generation dynamic computing systems. Here, Liu et al. introduced an interface-type transistor based on oxygen ion dynamics to perform reservoir computing.

RuO₂ is a promising anode catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers but suffers from poor catalytic stability. Here the authors present a rhenium-doped RuO₂ with a unique dynamic electron accepting-donating that adaptively boosts activity and stability in acidic water oxidation.

Spontaneous monodispersion of active species and their stabilization in reductive atmospheres remain a challenge in catalytic syngas chemistry. Here the authors demonstrate that syngas-to-aromatic conversion can be significantly accelerated by the spontaneously monodispersed Fe in ZnCr₂O₄ spinel.

Bio-inspired path integration and neural mapping enable robots to navigate autonomously in global positioning system (GPS)-denied environments such as disaster zones, space and deep oceans.

An anti-CD98 antibody with pH-dependent binding elicits tumour-specific Fc-mediated anti-tumour activity in multiple xenograft and syngeneic tumour models established in CD98-humanized mice.

Here the authors report the cryo-EM structure of Frizzeled 4 in complex with the DEP domain of Dishevelled 2. The study unveils the key mechanism of WNT signalling activation, the recruitment of dishevelled to Frizzled receptor.

This study reports the preparation of degradable poly(β-amino ester) microparticles as a promising replacement for nondegradable microplastics in cleansing products and food fortification, demonstrating effective cleansing, toxic element removal and robust nutrient protection with efficient release.

Hepatic inflammation contributes to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, the authors show that a transfer of ex vivo generated CD4 derived double negative T cells can prevent the development and progression of NASH by suppression of inflammatory Th17 cells and M1 macrophages in mouse models.

The authors propose a sustainable route for acetone synthesis by directly reacting propane and water with PtSn nanoparticles on γ-Al₂O₃ as the catalyst

Adult skeletal muscle regeneration is mainly driven by muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are highly heterogeneous. Here, the authors found that a population of MuSCs, marked by Gli1 expression, is key contributor to muscle regeneration.

Different cucurbits produce cucurbitacins with varied structures and activities. A comparative genomic study illustrates the genetic basis of cucurbitacin differentiation and tissue-specific cucurbitacin synthesis.

Management of ulcerative colitis can require a combination of treatments targeting different pathways. Here the authors design a therapy for ulcerative colitis based on a multitargeted genetic circuit to simultaneously target TNF-α, B7-1 and integrin α4, and show the therapy is effective in male mice with induced or spontaneous genetic colitis.

Key mechanistic steps for selective CO₍₂₎ reduction over Cu into hydrocarbon versus oxygenated C₂ products are identified by atomistic and microkinetic modeling. Variations in C and OH binding are found to predict catalytic selectivity of materials.

Microspherical structures are broadly applicable, but their morphology and function is limited by the molecular building blocks available. Here, the authors describe the selfassembly process of condensed Schiff bases into multifunctional hierarchical organic microspheres.’

This study shows that excitatory neurons in the ventral hippocampus that express the serotonin receptor 2c gene control attention through direct innervation of the mouse equivalent of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus.

The transformation of CO2 with renewable hydrogen into high-value products presents a sustainable route for net-zero chemical manufacture. Here the authors introduce a LaFeO3 perovskite-mediated tandem conversion of CO2, achieving remarkable performance by separating the CO2 hydrogenation and C-C coupling domains in the catalyst system.

Cholinergic neurons in the diagonal band of Broca degenerate early in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors show that in healthy mice, these cholinergic inputs innervate newborn neurons in the hippocampus, and that loss of this innervation in an Alzheimer’s disease model leads to impairments in spatial memory.