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Metal–nonmetal inverted half-sandwiches, also called inverse metallocenes, have been recently reported. Here the authors report the synthesis of a series of palladium inverse metallocene analogs, identify their fundamental metal building block, characterize their NIR-II photothermal conversion efficiency, and show the potential photothermal applications.

Mapping global alluvial channel patterns reveals a hidden dominance of anabranching channels, constituting nearly half of the total reach length globally.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Low temperature is a major factor limiting productivity in rice. Here the authors show that theCTB4a gene confers cold tolerance to japonicavarieties adapted to cold habitats at the booting stage of development, and propose that CTB4a acts via an interaction with the beta subunit of ATP synthase.

The authors show that bichromatic moiré superlattices formed by two mismatched moiré patterns in van der Waals semiconductor heterotrilayers stabilize quadrupolar moiré trions and enable electric-field tuning of excitonic and electronic ground states.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

β-thalassemia mutations show striking population differences, but their evolutionary origins are unclear. Here, the authors trace multiple independent origins of common β-thalassemia mutations in southern China, shaped by agricultural expansion, migration, and local selection.

This study reveals how Tau pathology in spinal neurons contributes to early tactile deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, linking sensory dysfunction to cognitive decline. It highlights potential peripheral biomarkers and new therapeutic targets beyond the brain.

This work describes FX-Cell and its derivatives to achieve single-cell RNA sequencing from challenging and cryopreserved plant tissues, expanding the scope of single-cell genomics across field-grown samples.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Here, authors present a randomised phase II trial reporting the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) compared to chemoradiation (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with resectable LA-ESCC.

The authors observe the signatures of quadrupolar excitons in a WSe₂-WS₂-WSe₂ trilayer moiré superlattice, originating from the hybridization of the WSe₂ valence moiré flatbands. They further use electrostatic gating to reveal a hybridized interlayer Mott insulator state, with holes shared between the two WSe₂ layers but laterally confined in moiré superlattices.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

Cuticular wax is crucial for plant development and environmental interaction. This study reveals the negative impact of nitrogen on cuticular wax via MdBT2–MdMYB106–MdCER2L1, thus uncovering a novel pathway for N-mediated wax biosynthesis in apple.

Chen et al. report a lattice-matched molecule, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine oxide, to anchor multi-site defects and stabilise the lattice of perovskite quantum dots, enabling deep-red LEDs with efficiency up to 26.91% at 693 nm. The air-processed devices can still maintain an efficiency of 26.28%.

Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54.

Despite being known for more than 50 years, yuzurimine-type alkaloids have not been accessed by total synthesis. Here, the authors report the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-Caldaphnidine J, a highly complex yuzurimine-type Daphniphyllum alkaloid.

A unified framework is presented that integrates observed spatial patterns of individual trees in forests with ecological processes into a novel coexistence theory.

Ethanol production from CO2 electroreduction is hindered by poor carbon–carbon coupling and competing ethylene formation. Here, the authors develop a ZnO1-x-shield copper catalyst that stabilizes Cu+ species and enables efficient and selective electrochemical ethanol synthesis.

The origin of precipitation from oceanic or terrestrial moisture sources influences the stability of agricultural rainwater supply. Nearly half of global maize and wheat-growing regions receive a substantial share of rainfall from terrestrial water sources and are at greater risk of water scarcity.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

Tao et al. study the role of TRMT6 in colorectal cancer, where it is upregulated and show that TRMT6 supports histone biosynthesis by stabilizing tRNA-Lys-TTT-1-1. Targeting TRMT6 reduced histone mRNA translation in a codon-biased manner.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse trace amine-associated receptor 9 reveals structural motifs involved in odorant ligand recognition, including a unique disulfide bond linking the N terminus to extracellular loop 2.

In Arabidopsis, microRNAs control the transition from juvenile to adult states. The study, using genomic, genetic and molecular approaches, investigates how miR156 and miR157 are re-activated at each generation.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction, but several studies have suggested a role of FSH and its receptor in extragonadal tissue. Here, the authors show that FSH orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) via its receptor on pancreatic β-cells, with pre-menopausal FSH levels dose-dependently promoting GSIS and postmenopausal FSH levels inhibiting this effect.

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas often present as undifferentiated tumours. Here, Yan et al. show that reduced expression of IKK via promoter methylation results in the undifferentiated phenotype of the tumours and that treatment with retinoic acid can reverse these features.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Xiang et al. use patient samples and mouse models of osteoarthritis to examine the link with muscle atrophy. They identify that, in osteoarthritis, senescent macrophages promote ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells, and they show the therapeutic value of targeting this pathological mechanism.

Heatwaves in lakes are increasing with climate change, but are typically studied at the surface; little is known about heatwave dynamics with depth. This study finds subsurface heatwaves last longer, but are less intense than surface heatwaves and have increased in frequency over the past 40 years.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

In Klinefelter syndrome, gene dysregulation due to the extra X chromosome leads to delayed development of fetal germ cells (FGCs), and aberrant interactions between Sertoli cells and FGCs disrupt the migration of late FGCs to the basement membrane.

While photoredox catalysis provides organic chemistry new avenues for chemical reactions, typical photocatalysts require expensive noble metals and show modest stabilities. Here, authors examine lead halide perovskites nanocrystals as stable and tunable photoredox catalysts for organic synthesis.

A small molecule that disrupts interaction between Nur77 and LKB1 leads to LKB1 exit from the nucleus to activate cytoplasmic AMPK and, ultimately, reduces blood glucose and insulin in diabetic mice.

Proteomics can aid in the identification of molecular subtypes in cancers. Here, the authors perform proteomic profiling of 124 paired oesophageal cancer and adjacent non-tumour tissues and identify two subtypes that are associated with patient survival for therapeutic targeting.