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Gas diffusion electrodes enable electrochemical H₂O₂ production, but fused binders and disordered pores restrict mass transport. Here, the authors report a non-fused gradient catalyst layer that supports directional self-transport and stable high efficiency at industrial current densities.

The spatial organisation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) can affect immune responses that control tumour growth. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics to identify a lymphocyte aggregated region (LAR) in gastric cancer and compare its cellular and molecular composition with the neighbouring TME.

Electrochemical C–N coupling of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with methylamine offers a sustainable route to produce value-added amines. Here, the authors present a facet-controlled Ag catalyst that tunes the substrate adsorption geometry and hydrogenation propensity for promoted selectivity.

Sixteen crystal structures of the non-heme iron enzyme Rv0097 reveal how protein motions are orchestrated in the two-step, α-ketoglutarate-dependent, biosynthesis of isonitrile functional groups from substrate glycyl moieties.

Van der Waals materials of the MB₂T₄ family (M = transition metal or rare-earth metal, B = Bi or Sb, T = Te, Se, or S) have attracted interest for their magnetic and topological properties, but their direct synthesis into 2D form remains challenging. Here the authors report a flux-assisted, phase-controlled growth strategy to directly grow six magnetic 2D MB₂T₄ crystals.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease with oral ulcers being the most common symptom. Here authors present results from a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that shows that systemic low dose interleukin-2 could be safely administered to these patients, and the therapy may improve their quality of life.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

Under light, nickel and iridium on the catalyst reconstruct into NiIr nanoisland alloys that efficiently turn methane and carbon dioxide into synthesis gas, suggesting a promising way to recycle greenhouse gases.

Rancid odors trigger retching and aversion. Here, authors show a nose-to-brain axis whereby such odors activate olfactory-piriform circuits that diverge to mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens to mediate retching-like behavior and aversion.

Senescent bone marrow stem cells were revealed to exhibit reduced intracellular force, and optimized mechanical stimulation restores this force, enhances FOXO1 chromatin accessibility, and reverses cellular senescence and bone aging.

Cardiometabolic disease and depression often co-occur, but their multi-organ basis was unclear. Here, the authors analyse UK Biobank imaging and genetics, identifying abdomen-heart-brain networks and 43 shared loci, improving multimorbidity prediction

The oxyhalogenation of methane to mono-halogenated products CH₃X (X = Cl, Br, or I) is among the most promising routes for methane utilization, yet current catalysts still suffer from limited product yields. Here, the authors report a CeO₂ nanorod catalyst with atomically dispersed Pd and Mn surface sites, which achieves highly efficient and selective methane oxychlorination.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Cold tolerance at the booting stage is critical for the expansion of rice cultivation area. Here, the authors report that a CAMTA family transcription factor encoding gene CTB3 positively regulates japonica rice booting stage cold tolerance and its upstream and downstream interactors to fulfill the functionality.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

The nuclear clock transition of ^229mTh in ²²⁹Th:CaF₂ crystals is characterized as a function of doping concentration, temperature and time, demonstrating high reproducibility and identifying ideal operating characteristics of these crystals as nuclear clocks.

Mechanisms confer to the enhanced cold tolerance in japonica rice have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors report a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) I transcription factor encode gene CTB5 is responsible for japonica rice cold tolerance by interacting with genes in gibberellin and abscisic acid pathways.

Catalytic enantioselective hydroarylation of alkynes is a concise protocol towards axial, helical, and planar chirality, but most reactions involve noble-metal catalysts. Here, the authors report a copper-catalyzed intramolecular atroposelective hydroarylation of 1-alkynylindoles with (hetero)arenes, affording C─N axially chiral carbazolyl and phenanthryl indoles.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Chiral γ-butenolides, which are widely prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals, necessitate synthetic methods that precisely control both stereochemistry and substituent diversity. Here, the authors report a Cu/PyBim-catalyzed asymmetric lactonization of 2,3-allenoic acids initiated by sulfonyl or phosphonyl radicals.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Recent work has revealed that dendritic cells (DCs) are more heterogeneous than previously thought, yet the functional roles of these newly described DC subsets remain unclear. Here, Li et al. find that in mice, TSLP from keratinocytes activates transitional DC-derived DC2 to promote GATA3⁺ regulatory T cells and mediate immunosuppression during inflammation and cancer.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Bohlen and colleagues report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL is necessary for the development, tolerance and activation of B cells in humans, unlike in mice where CBL deficiency results in loss of T cells.

The authors develop textile electronic substrates with tailored stiffness and interfacial affinities by selective and controllable laser-matter interaction, addressing the mechanical mismatch between hybrid electronics and elastic textiles.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Conditional knockout of LARP4 in naive CD4⁺ T cells leads to attenuated quiescence exit and clonal expansion.

A pigeon-eye-inspired multimodal high-resolution tactile sensor, combined with a tactile language model, allows robots to achieve human-like tactile perception and understanding of their environment.

A colour correction array featuring red-, green- and blue-sensitive organic transistors integrated within a single pixel enables self-adaptive intensity and colour correction.

Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.

Organoid modeling and single-cell profiling reveal TUBA4A and TUBB4B tubilin proteins-driven vascular smooth muscle cell migration and contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic switching via GJA1/PI3K/AKT/KLF4 pathway in Moyamoya disease.

Mechanical frequency combs are promising for precision measurements, sensing, and metrology blew Gigahertz. Here, authors introduce a magneto-mechanical frequency comb including its integer- and half-integer-harmonic combs via magnetostrictive effect with the teeth spacing that can be continuously tuned.

Shang, Zhao, Ying and colleagues report that the mechanosensor PIEZO1 senses blood shear stress in hematopoietic stem cells, driving proliferation and myeloid bias. This axis links mechanical force to inflammation-induced aging, and PIEZO1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target.

Early growth response 1 (EGR1) was localized to the nucleoli in several human cell types and identified as a positive regulator in rDNA transcription, providing insights into how EGR1 promotes cancer cell growth

Achieving wireless and high charge density neural stimulation remains challenging. To address this issue, the authors develop a sonocapacitor from piezoelectric-dielectric composite nanospheres and two-dimensional cellulose.