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Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a critical yield component trait of rice. Here, the authors clone a MAPKKK encoding gene GNP3 positively regulating grain yield and show its role in rice panicle development by interacting and destabilizing ethylene biosynthesis related enzyme SADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE 1.

The growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of dead Li significantly undermine the safety and performance of Li metal batteries. Here, authors introduce the concept of “catalytic” effect for dead Li reconversion, leading to a Li plating/stripping efficiency of 99.89%.

Using an electrolyte micro-emulsion strategy, a lithium anode and high-voltage cathode can be simultaneously stabilized by liquid–liquid interfacial tension to achieve high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.

An ex vivo model and pre-clinical study in a brain-dead recipient provide enzyme-converted O organs to avoid hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant patients.

Organic electrode materials offer a versatile and sustainable route for lithium-ion batteries, but their application is hindered by low working voltages and poor cycling stability. Now, it has been shown that dissolving halide electrolytes into organic electrodes effectively tunes the working voltage and enhances the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries.

Electrochemical energy-storage devices require rapid charge–discharge profiles, but the dense electrode packing required to achieve high energy densities results in sluggish ion-transport kinetics. Now a two-dimensional vertical ladder polymer cathode has been shown to achieve promising performance and tolerance by using a cross-flow lithium migration pathway.

Li and colleagues report that a septo-enteric polysynaptic circuit that is activated by chronic stress links the brain to the tumor microenvironment to promote colorectal cancer growth.

Electrolyte design is key for high-energy lithium metal batteries, but structure–performance links are hard to predict. A framework using the normalized cation/anion–solvent affinity enables quantitative prediction of microstructure, transport and interphase, driving exceptional performance.

SARST2 enables rapid exploration of protein structure space. In minutes, it scans the 214-million-entry AlphaFold Database on a personal computer, revealing homologs with higher accuracy and lower memory/disk usage than leading methods.

An Ohmic contact interface engineering strategy was proposed by loading copper nano islands on indium hydroxide nanocubes, which could trigger and stabilize the polarized Cu0 -Cuδ+ active sites. Such catalyst enabled effective ammonia electrosynthesis with nitrate under ambient conditions

Designing two-dimensional membranes to achieve tailored channels while ensuring stability remains challenging. Here, the authors use multifunctional intercalants to create stable, selective subnanochannels in MoS₂ membranes, demonstrating their potential in wastewater treatment.

Luminescent materials are promising for many applications though balancing thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence using small organic molecules is challenging. Here the authors use polyaromatic hydrocarbons and benzophenone balancing fluorescence and phosphorescence.

All-solid-state batteries are potentially superior to Li-ion batteries, but to maximize performance, the solid electrolyte needs to be compatible with high-performance anodes. Halide solid electrolytes are shown to possess dynamic stability that extends beyond the electrochemical stability window, allowing improved full-cell performance.

Up-recycling waste wood as a source for producing materials is crucial for sustainability. Here, the authors discover that in situ thermal curing of melamine formaldehyde resin with natural wood enhanced its room temperature phosphorescence performance.

Reducing non-radiative recombination at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface remains a critical challenge for achieving efficient perovskite/TOPCon silicon tandem solar cells. Here, authors employ bilayer passivation using AlOx/PDAI2 treatment, achieving device efficiency of 31.6%.

Controlling oxidation pathways is crucial for efficient water purification. Here, authors develop Fe/Mn single-atom catalysts that tune radical and non-radical processes, enabling rapid, robust degradation of pollutants and offering broad potential for wastewater treatment.

This study presents a co-designed neuromorphic computing and neural network system for efficient and affordable modeling of ionic and electronic interactions in large-scale material systems.

In the CheckMate 142 study, nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone and in combination with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) was shown to induce durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, the authors perform exploratory biomarker analysis of the CheckMate 142 study.

Battery recyclability presents a sustainability challenge in materials design. Now it has been shown that aramid amphiphile self-assembly yields solid-state electrolytes with fast ion conductivity and electrochemical stability, which disassemble to the monomeric state upon solvent exposure, enabling inherently recyclable, molecularly engineered battery designs.

Terahertz control of polar skyrmions—topological textures of electric dipoles—is key for fast optoelectronics. Now, ultrafast excitation of polar skyrmions is achieved across two orders of magnitude of temperature in an oxide heterostructure.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

Electrolyte interactions critically govern battery performance yet lack precise design principles. The authors introduce interaction motif descriptors to design an electrolyte enabling 99.7% Li-metal Coulombic efficiency for 4.5 V batteries.

The relationship between interacting sites and catalytic mechanisms in single-atom catalysts remains unclear. Here a support engineering strategy is used to tune the binding strength between single-metal atoms and the support, optimizing active Cu sites and enhancing CH₄ formation.

Solid polymer electrolytes suffer from limited ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability for lithium batteries. Here, authors propose a fluorinated ether diluent to reduce the dipole-dipole interaction of ionic solvate with the polymer matrix and induce the formation of aggregates.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

The development of superior and cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions is pivotal for the future hydrogen economy. Now a series of Ru-modified Li₂MnO₃ catalysts have been designed to optimize the electronic structure and achieve a high performance in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, as demonstrated in practical anion exchange membrane fuel cell and water electrolyser tests.

By inducing a transformation in a manganese-rich cation-disordered rocksalt, partially ordered spinels with nanomosaic domains of 3–7 nm in size can be obtained, which exhibit high energy density and rate capability at an average particle size of 3–5 µm.

Efficient electrochemical energy storage in Li-S batteries is hindered by sluggish sulfur redox reactions. Here, the authors propose a polyoxometalate/multilayer graphene composite as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for battery performance improvement.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

A topochemical oxidation process is developed to exfoliate metal oxyhydroxides, in which active oxygen species and alkali cations modulate interlayer repulsion. The resulting Cs⁺-CoFeOOH nanosheets demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

A sustainable two-step strategy for oxime synthesis in a neutral KHCO₃ medium is reported. Free-state NH₂OH is initially synthesized via nitrite electroreduction over a Ketjen-black-supported iron phthalocyanine catalyst, followed by a chemical aldehyde or ketone oximation using the electrochemically synthesized NH₂OH.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

Long-term stability is a key challenge for ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, the authors present a RuO2/LiCoO2 catalyst with dynamic Li dissolution, which weakens the covalency of the Ru-O bond to prevent the lattice oxygen mechanism, thereby ensuring stable acidic OER.

Cryogenic electron microscopy structures and functional analyses reveal that NCLX functions as a H⁺/Ca²⁺ rather than a Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger, and uncover its transport mechanism with implications for therapies treating cardiac and neurodegenerative disorders related to abnormal mitochondrial Ca²⁺.

Improving catalyst efficiency is vital for Li-CO₂ batteries, but understanding catalyst structures during battery operation is hard. Here, the authors uncover catalyst reconstruction and its link to activity, highlighting a self-constructed oxysulfide structure with high activity and stability in Li-CO₂ batteries.

This protocol presents a general strategy for the direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials to restore their original performance or upcycle them into next-generation cathodes with enhanced capabilities.

Direct recycling or upcycling is promising for sustainable battery resource management. Here, the authors report a subtractive transformation strategy for upcycling spent cathode materials to high-performance 5 V-class cathodes, reducing reliance on rare elements for the sustainable Li-ion battery industry.

An algorithm for proteoform identification with top-down mass spectra is proposed, and a pipeline is developed for generating simulated top-down spectra on the basis of input protein sequences with modifications.

Solid-state lithium batteries typically utilize heterogeneous composite cathodes with conductive additives, which limit energy density and cycle life. Here the authors present a cathode material that exhibits efficient mixed conduction and near-zero volume change during cycling, thereby improving battery performance.

Persistent microglial activation upon ischaemic injury leads to the formation of stroke-associated foamy microglia, perpetuating long-term inflammation, white matter damage and functional impairments. These effects can be ameliorated by reducing microglial cholesterol overload through activation of CYP46A1.

Shared E-bike battery systems offer a solution to battery range limitations by enabling battery swapping. Here, authors develop a billion-parameter large foundation model trained on over ten million E-bike batteries data, which is capable of three downstream tasks: anomaly detection, state of health estimation, and remaining range prediction.

High-voltage non-aqueous lithium metal batteries suffer from poor cycling stability due to the presence of impurities in the electrolyte solution. Here, the authors report lithium hexamethyldisilazide to scavenge HF and H₂O, prevent the Ni dissolution and suppress side reactions during cycling.

The practical uses of enzymes often require their immobilization for long-term running, but efficient immobilization methods are lacking. Here, the authors develop an enzyme immobilization approach that allows stable continuous-flow olefin epoxidations, through the design of an interphase system immobilizing enzymes by combining hydrophobic pores and a water‒oil microenvironment.

The global race to a net-zero economy depends heavily on lithium—to power electric vehicles and to store renewable energy. Here the authors show a selective lithium extraction process from salt-lake brines, together with magnesium utilization.

Lithium sulfur batteries are a promising next generation storage technology. Their performance, however, is subject to the parasitic shuttle effect. Here the authors report a cathode material comprising porous vanadium nitride nanoribbon and graphene to provide anchoring for polysulfides.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Fan et al. describe DF-003, an alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) inhibitor that targets the root cause of the rare genetic disease ROSAH syndrome, demonstrating the ability of DF-003 to inhibit ocular inflammatory pathology in ROSAH model mice.