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Here, the authors investigate gene dosage compensation in mouse pluripotent stem cells to better understand the process of X-chromosome upregulation. They report that mammalian cells can sense when segments of one of the two X chromosomes are genetically deleted in cis and compensate gene expression by upregulation in trans.

Uncontrolled crystallization of perovskite limits the performance of solar cells. Zhou et al. address this through aromatic interactions between naphthalene ammonium salts and naphthalenesulfonates, achieving improved efficiency in cells and modules.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for cellular energy production. Here the authors show that mutations in Testis-Expressed Protein 44 (TEX44) are associated with misregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and male infertility.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

Li et al. show that the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD3 organizes 3D chromatin architecture by anchoring heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery to maintain vascular smooth muscle cell contractile identity.

Here the authors show that crotonate and H3K14cr levels are increased in regenerating crypts. Treatment with sodium crotonate (NaCr) significantly alleviates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis, an effect largely dependent on HBO1-mediated H3K14cr.

A screen for protein degraders discovers hits by imaging cell survival.

Cardiovascular diseases often co-occur. Here the authors conduct cross-disease genome wide association studies using multi-trait analyses to uncover shared genetic mechanisms contributing to overlapping risk profiles.

The growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline 2D semiconductors on sapphire is important for their electronic applications, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, the authors study the influence of air-induced sapphire surface hydrolysis on the growth process of 2D WS₂ and propose an ultraviolet light healing method to repair the degraded substrates.

Coating additive solutions onto wet perovskite films in situ enables flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency of 23.0% for a module with an aperture area of 20.26 cm². The modules maintain 97% of their initial efficiency after 10,000 bending cycles with a 10 mm radius.

Here, the authors report immunogenicity and safety of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine, in naive and simian immunodeficiency virus infected nonhuman primates (NHPs), and demonstrate protection in naïve male NHPs after immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum distributes its 16 chromosomes irregularly between two nuclei within single ascospore cells. Here, the authors show that chromosomal segregation and genetic recombination occur normally during meiosis in this fungus, despite the unusual chromosomal distribution.

Tergaonkar and colleagues identify a noncanonical interaction between the NF-κB transcription factor family member p52 and the ETS family member ETS1. They find that the p52–ETS1 complex is required for splenic germinal center B cell formation and T cell-dependent antibody responses.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Preliminary results from an investigator-initiated clinical trial showed that an AAV-OTOF gene therapy was safe and led to hearing improvements in ten patients with congenital deafness with 6–12 months of follow-up, including in a teenager and a young adult, expanding the age range from previous trials.

D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) is an endogenous metabolite that plays both physiological and pathological roles. Here, the authors report a genetically encoded D-2-HG biosensor based on the transcriptional activator HgcR, which enables rapid detection of D-2-HG in vitro and in live cells.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

The NINJ1 protein regulates plasma membrane rupture by altering membrane biomechanical properties, independent of cell death programs.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Here, the authors conducted a whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based genome-wide scan for non-small cell lung cancer in 13,722 Chinese individuals and identified genes including PARPBP, PLA2G4C, and RITA1 in the context of non-coding regulation.

Three-component, iron-based catalytic transformations offer a promising and sustainable approach to building complex molecules in a single step. This Review highlights advances and ongoing challenges in the development of iron-catalysed difunctionalization of alkenes. Mechanistic insights that enhance our understanding and guide the development of new transformations are discussed.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

The treatment of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer remains challenging. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of thyroid samples and identify proteomic clusters associated with distinct tumour microenvironment features.

Tracing cellular changes in complex biological systems is challenging. Here, authors present a flexible framework that integrates multi-sample data with in-house algorithms to infer comparative and spatiotemporal cell-gene patterns, advancing understanding of cellular dynamics.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The neurotransmitter serotonin regulates cancer through receptor-signaling activation, but also epigenetics mechanisms by serotonylation. Here, the authors show that histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by upregulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which remodels lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential target for therapy.

In situ methods for water quality monitoring is crucial for global water use and management, though many conventional sensors have slow response time and are non-recyclable. Here, the authors report a recyclable amphiphobic dielectric material for fast monitoring of water pollutants.

The full exploitation of back contact silicon solar cells is crucial to achieve a high performance for potential industrialization. Here, authors incorporate a double-sided light management strategy to reduce optical losses, achieving a total-area efficiency of 27.03% for 350 cm2 solar cells.

Defect engineering holds great potential for adjusting piezoelectric performance. Here, the authors decipher the diverse impacts of transition metal impurities on modifying piezoelectric properties from the perspective of intrinsic polarization behaviors in KTa_1−xNb_xO₃ crystals.

An inadequate supply of cofactors often limits the production of target molecules in metabolic engineering. Here, the authors report cofactor engineering through decompartmentalization of the yeast mitochondrial metabolism to improve succinic acid production in Issatchenkia orientalis.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The authors demonstrate a chemopiezoelectric effect in which the displacive migration of oxygen vacancies driven by an electric field induces a large strain in the surface layer of thin (K,Na)NbO₃ ceramics. They achieve an electrostrain of 1.9% under a field of −3 kV mm⁻¹, with thermal stability up to 200 °C.