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Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

Efficient chemical synthesis of nucleoside is challenging due to the low reactivity of nucleobases acceptors. Herein, the authors report a protocol for nucleoside synthesis with glycosyl o-(tert-butylethynyl)phenyl thioglycosides as donors.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

Hydrocephalus, a disorder characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction and impaired blood-CSF barrier function, lacks effective non-invasive treatments. Here, authors show that a multi-functional nanomedicine (siR/RSV@TNP) combining anti-inflammatory resveratrol and SPAK siRNA restores blood-CSF barrier integrity, reduces CSF overproduction, and prevents hydrocephalus in mice, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.

Protocol for generating spatially patterned, human neural tube- and forebrain-like structures, by using a microfluidic device to impose orthogonal and independent chemical gradients on human pluripotent stem cells.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Vaginal infections influence about 75% of adult women worldwide each year. Here, the authors report a strategy to treat vaginal infection by restoring the homeostasis of the vaginal mucosal barrier through in situ formation of a living-synthetic therapeutic coating.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Xue et al. develop a foundation model for spectral analysis. It excels in multiple tasks, such as denoising spectra and quantifying trace molecules, and is especially promising in identifying metabolic biomarkers of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer.

The phenol industry faces a pressing sustainability challenge from the production of acetone as a by-product at a level far beyond its market. Here the authors develop an electro-biosystem that can efficiently convert such surplus acetone into valuable long-chain commodity chemicals.

While one-to-one scaffold hopping strategies are thriving and evolving, one-to-multiple strategies remain challenging to design. Here, the authors report a scaffold hopping strategy for the skeletal editing of pyrimidines into a wide range of heteroarenes through the addition of nucleophiles, ring-opening, fragmentation, and ring-closing processes.

Microbial interactions of the honey bee gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Here, the authors report a reciprocal interaction between two core bacterial genera: Bifidobacterium aids in demethylation of the pectin backbone enabling its breakdown by Gilliamella; in return, Gilliamella shares digestion products.

Tang, Yue, Xu and colleagues map the proteome of several thousand individuals over a 9-year period to identify potential biomarkers of ageing and of age-associated diseases.

By employing a high spatial-resolved photoemission electron microscopy, we demonstrate near-field imaging and characterization of ultra-confined optical near fields in nanoslits with weak disturbance.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

In this work, authors elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli facilitates bacterial invasion through inducing multiple programmed cell death pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy is a key regulator of browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Here, the authors report that PNPLA7, an Endoplasmic Reticulum and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) protein, inhibits browning of iWAT by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy upon cold challenge or adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

High luminescence efficiency is difficult to achieve in metal nanoclusters. Here, the authors add multiple metal cations to gold nanocluster which suppress structural motions and manage electron transfer dynamics, realizing near-unity efficiency.

Polycyclic indolines are valuable skeletons in drug discovery. Here, the authors report an asymmetric dearomative [3 + 2] annulation of indoles with aminocyclopropanes to construct tricyclic indolines.

Here the authors report asperigimycins, fungal ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides with a heptacyclic scaffold. After chemically modifying them for nanomolar anticancer activity, CRISPR screening identifies SLC46A3 as a key transporter for their uptake in cells.

Current brain-targeted delivery strategies using orthosteric sites of receptors is highly susceptible to cross-reactions limiting efficiency. Here, the authors report on the allosteric targeting of receptors to avoid this and demonstrate application in drug delivery across the blood brain barrier.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

The absence of catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing chiral (hetero)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes has hindered their application in new drug discovery. Herein the authors report an enantioselective formal (3 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes with nitrones using a chiral Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of hetero-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.

This work presents a strategy for synthesizing and assembling megabase-scale DNA, along with a delivery method for introducing the synthetic DNA into mouse embryos, offering a valuable tool for investigating de novo epigenetic regulation.

Nuclear RNA decay regulates gene expression in cultured cells, but its role in animals is largely unclear. Here, authors found that the nuclear exosome co-factor MTR4 functions in shaping the transcriptome for meiosis initiation and male fertility.

The application of time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM) to non-conducting materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the TR-PEEM characterization of near-field dielectric modes and photoemission properties of insulating hexagonal boron nitride structures on indium tin oxide/glass substrates.

Cao et al. report an A-site co-doping strategy by substituting Cs+ cation by alkali metals for perovskite quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template, stabilising the crystal structure and enabling high-colour purity LEDs spanning from blue to green spectral region.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.