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A deep-learning-based multimodal alignment and prediction model predicts HER2 status using pretreatment multimodal breast cancer data, surpassing needle biopsy accuracy.

K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains regulate protein degradation and cell cycle progression. Here, the authors report the structural basis of how such a branched ubiquitin chain is recognized by the human 26S proteasome, revealing a multivalent binding mode that underlies selective recognition.

As presented at the ASCO 2025 Annual Meeting and the ESMO Congress 2025: In RELATIVITY-098, treatment of patients with stage III/IV resected melanoma with nivolumab and relatlimab compared to nivolumab alone did not significantly change recurrence-free survival, with correlative data pointing to the absence of tumor-infiltrating LAG3⁺ T cells as a potential reason.

Despite improving therapeutic options, the prognosis for patients with metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains poor. Here, the authors identify MCL1 copy number alterations as a prognostic and predictive biomarker, demonstrating its therapeutic potential as a drug target, either alone or in combination, in patients with mCRPC.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: in this international, single-arm phase 2 trial, first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer or esophageal adenocarcinoma with domvanalimab (Fc-silent anti-TIGIT) and zimberelimab (anti-PD-1) plus FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil) led to encouraging objective response rates and survival outcomes, which will be validated in a phase 3 trial.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Developing high-current-density catalysts is key to efficient water splitting. Here, the authors report a single-atom Ru-doped amorphous Ni–Mo oxide that dynamically self-reconstructs to retain high activity at industrial current densities in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer.

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes are widely used for desalination and wastewater treatment, though it is challenging to remove toxic micropollutants. Here the authors use a thermal-intensified interfacial polymerization method affording a membrane removing micropollutants.

Gut bacteria digest dietary fiber and release molecules as energy for the host. Here, Yu et al. find that the ability of certain gut bacteria to digest different fibers influences host consumption of food containing these fibers.

The authors report on a method for precise control of stoichiometry and surface termination during thin-film growth of a wide range of perovskite ABO₃ phases that exploits dynamic B-site layer inversion seen in the in situ electron diffraction.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a versatile class of clinically approved drug delivery vehicles, particularly for nucleic acid cargoes, but they often suffer from instability issues. Here, the authors report that the room temperature stability of small interfering RNA LNPs formulated with unsaturated ionizable lipids can be improved by inclusion of mildly acidic, antioxidant-containing buffers.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

AI copilots are integrated into brain–computer interfaces, enabling a paralysed participant to achieve improved control of computer cursors and robotic arms. This shared autonomy approach offers a promising path to increase BCI performance and clinical viability.

Bacteria and fungi provide plants with enhanced access to mineral nutrients and water, but have also served as a source of genes to succeed on land. This study shows multiple independent transfers of a key gene for metal ion transport (NAS) to various plant lineages, highlighting a complex and dynamic history of gene exchange.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

This study applied a high-throughput sequencing approach to analyse Arabidopsis DCL1 cleavage. DCL1 cleavage preferences are governed by the GHR motif, which is conserved across plant species and has a role in the biogenesis of non-canonical 22-nucleotide microRNAs.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Flores et al. show that brain-penetrant eIF2B agonists suppress ISR activation in cellular and mouse models of ALS and reduce ISR biomarkers in humans, enabling further clinical studies of ISR inhibition in individuals with neurological diseases

Antimicrobial resistance has evolved over decades due to widespread antimicrobial use, with resistance genes now circulating across humans, animals and the environment, creating complex cross-sector connectivity challenges. This Perspective advocates for genomics-based studies of AMR connectivity to enable coordinated global action and investment under the One Health framework.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

The SLC45A4 gene encodes a neuronal polyamine transporter and is linked to pain response in humans and mice.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The approval of first line immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), however, whether patients would benefit more from ICB alone or alongside chemotherapy is unclear. Here, the authors develop a machine-learning based approach to help guide individual treatment selection patients with mNSCLC.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Powering electric vehicles hinges on the availability to extract lithium from reserves. Modelling now shows the likely number of new lithium deposit openings required by 2050 if the demand for larger battery packs continues and suggests moderating battery size and improving recycling to reduce mine openings.

Here, the authors used functional ultrasound imaging to map human spinal cord activity during urodynamically controlled micturition, showing that blood flow closely tracks bladder pressure and offering new insights into spinal cord regulation of micturition.

Mechanical relaxation processes in glasses can provide information on the structural and mechanical properties of glasses. Here, the authors observe a fast secondary relaxation process in La-based metallic glasses, providing information on the inelasticity of metallic glasses.

The soils of urban greenspaces are strikingly rich. This study finds that the variety of microbial life there is linked to acidic conditions and that this diversity is more homogenous than found in farmland soils.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The bombardment of structural metals in nuclear reactors by high-energy particles causes them to develop defects, such as stacking-fault tetrahedra defects, that are difficult to cure. Yu et al.find that in nanotwinned silver such defects can be removed at room temperature by the propagation of mobile twin boundaries.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.