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Bailón, Alarcón-Soto et al. perform a pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized clinical trials evaluating HTI-based therapeutic HIV vaccines with or without a TLR7 agonist in early-treated people with HIV. They identify an vaccine-immune response threshold that predicts virological outcomes after treatment interruption.

Fitton et al. investigate sleep-physical activity relationships using 28 million person-days of objective health monitoring data collected across 244 geographical regions. Only 12.9% of people routinely attain both sleep and activity recommendations, with acute effects of sleep on next-day physical activity greater than the reverse.

Mahajan et al. analyze cancer risk in a large cohort of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis patients. They find significantly elevated rates of hematologic and select solid-organ cancers, underscoring the need for tailored cancer surveillance in this population.

Diriba, Mollalign et al., use whole-genome sequencing to investigate drug resistance mutations in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and pre-XDR-TB isolates from Ethiopia. Genomic sequencing identifies resistance-associated variants and mycobacterial lineages beyond conventional testing, supporting more effective treatment and enhanced surveillance.

Jaklenec, Yang et al. examine how malnutrition heightens disease susceptibility in Africa. They comment on the successes of food-fortification efforts to date and outline remaining barriers and future directions.

He et al. develop a network-based metric of amyloid-β burden by integrating individualized brain connectomes with amyloid-PET imaging. This approach improves prediction of future cognitive decline in older adults and may support earlier identification of individuals at risk of dementia.

Zaaijer and Groen assess enrollment demographics across 341 FDA-submitted pivotal trials (2017–2023) supporting 348 approved drugs. They report persistent underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic individuals—especially in cancer and rare disease trials—alongside higher Black enrollment when trials are US-based and rising Asian participation.

Bhatia et al. evaluate the ability of draining vein liquid biopsy to identify RAS-MEK pathway somatic genetic variants within children and young adults with extracranial arterio-venous malformations (AVMs). They demonstrate the effectiveness of using liquid biopsy to genotype extracranial AVMs in children.

Ma, Zan, Li et al. assess the global burden of sense organ diseases from 1990-2021 using Global Burden of Disease data from 204 countries. Results reveal increasing global burden of sensory organ diseases linked to aging populations and nighttime light exposure, with YLDs projected to rise by 2050, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Smaili et al. examine the association between social factors and severe COVID-19 across five pandemic waves in metropolitan France. Their results show a persistent gradient, with more socioeconomically deprived populations facing higher risks of severe disease over time.

Nygren-Bonnier et al. explore symptoms and health outcomes after COVID-19 linked to self-rated health and identify cluster profiles. Around two-thirds of individuals showed physical and mental impairments associated with low self-rated health, and four cluster profiles were identified, highlighting the need for tailored long-term interventions

Loizidou, Palaiokrassa, Asiedu, et al. study individuals who alternate between being omnivorous and avoiding animal products for religious reasons. Results reveal widespread changes in health-related biomarkers in a direction suggesting positive effects on health, along with signs of lower inflammation during animal product restriction.

Geiger et al. present a deep learning-based pipeline for analyzing long-term high-resolution manometry (LTHRM) data by detecting swallow events and clustering them into representative groups. The approach achieves over 94% detection accuracy and is shown to reduce the overall LTHRM evaluation time while preserving diagnostic quality.

Corrado et al. use cardiac digital twins from 100 atrial fibrillation patients to evaluate how electrolyte imbalances influence atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmia risk. Hyponatremia is identified as a key determinant of sustained AF, while hypokalemia modestly increases the likelihood of arrhythmia onset.

Richter et al. use ultrasensitive digital ELISA to measure low-levels of the HIV capsid protein p24 in people on long-term antiretroviral therapy. They find that persistent low level p24 production is linked to increased immune activation, despite viral suppression.

Li et al. analyze multi-scale phenotypes to investigate heterogeneity in multi-organ aging patterns. They find that accelerated aging in organs such as the cardiovascular system, brain, kidneys, bone, and metabolism is associated with organ-specific links to lifestyle factors, health status, and cardiovascular risk.

Wang et al. develop plasma-based biomarkers of brain aging using proteomic data from the UK Biobank and validate their findings in the Framingham Heart Study. Acceleration in plasma-based brain aging is linked to poorer cognitive performance and shows a positive association with Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause mortality.

Chen et al. comprehensively depict the effects of age and sex on blood plasma cfDNA methylation through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). They display cfDNA methylation signatures as promising biomarkers in aging and health monitoring.

Wang et al. examine the sex-specific associations of intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the UK biobank cohort. IPFD is associated with incident T2D independent of BMI, hepatic fat and visceral fat in men and independent of BMI and hepatic fat in women.

Oyebamiji et al. highlight the high maternal mortality occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, driven in large part by inadequate access to safe blood. They examine how systems level governance and sustainable innovation can close this gap and advance maternal health equity across the region.