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Kanamori, Sato et al. develop SOF10, a humanized antibody that selectively blocks protease- and integrin αvβ8-mediated latent TGF-β1 activation. This selective blockade reduces fibrosis in multiple disease models, improves renal function, enhances anti-tumor immunity, and demonstrates safety in preclinical studies.

Wegner et al. apply machine learning to video recordings of walking tasks in people with ataxia and healthy controls using sensor-free motion capture. Their models replicate clinical ratings and detect subtle longitudinal gait changes that are challenging to capture in standard assessments, supporting improved monitoring of disease progression.

Mchantaf et al. explore HIV-1 persistence in five anatomical compartments in people living with HIV on successful Dolutegravir therapy. They find the highest levels of infection and viral transcription in lymph nodes, and that persistence is not associated with the selection of drug resistance mutations to Dolutegravir.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

Huang et al. examine the impact of emotional distress on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in advanced gastroesophageal cancer patients. Baseline emotional distress and elevated peripheral inflammatory markers significantly impair treatment outcomes through synergistic psycho-inflammatory mechanisms.

Roer et al. analyze genomes of Escherichia coli clonal complex 38 from humans, animals, and food to investigate its spread and host associations. They find distinct human and poultry lineages and identify plasmid markers linked to animal adaptation and zoonotic transmission.

Lai et al. use hospitalization records from the UK to examine associations between ambient temperature and changing temperature with all-cause and cause-specific hospitalizations. There is seasonal variation in associations with more pronounced effects in people living in deprived neighbourhoods and with low greenspace coverage.

Kang, Lazo de la Vega et al. introduce iCatalog, a precision oncology reporting tool developed to address the needs of a large multi-institutional pediatric study. iCatalog combines a database for patient, sample, and genomic data to enable clinical interpretation of patient-level tumor profiling results.

Gorbachev et al. present a cancer risk stratification framework that combines univariate thresholding with multivariate modeling using a hybrid parallel deep learning architecture. They find that integration of multi-modal information and advanced architectural components improves predictive performance while maintaining high interpretability.

Dierl, Hinsen et al. investigate long term pulmonary toxicity in pediatric cancer survivors by the use of Free-breathing phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI on a low-field system. Subclinical and time-dependent reduction in pulmonary ventilation and perfusion is revealed.

De Castro, Coppola et al. analyze metabolic profiles in blood and pericardial fluid from patients with ischemic heart disease. They identify distinct energy-related changes that reflect myocardial stress and may support improved understanding of ischemia.

Nordvall et al. use a cohort study design to study causal effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on childbirth rates in a representative Swedish population. They show that COVID-19 vaccination has no association with either childbirth rates or miscarriages.

Rider, Grantham, Smith, Watson et al. integrate multiomic data from patients with psoriasis using dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques. This approach identifies biological relationships between genetic background, clinical features and disease severity, providing insight into disease variability across individuals.

Puddu et al. investigate the role of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as biomarkers for early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) detection in cell-free DNA (cfDNA). 6-base genome sequencing, using both 5mC and 5hmC biomarkers, increases the detection of stage I CRC.

Lam et al. evaluate a self-report scale and eight BERT-family large language models trained on clinical interview transcripts to detect clinician-rated depression in people with and without alexithymia. All models detect depression more accurately than the self-report scales in detecting depression, particularly in those with alexithymia.

Mekers et al. examine how the immune sensor cGAS responds to radiotherapy in mouse models, human cancer cell lines, and patient tumor samples. Radiotherapy enhances cGAS activity and immune signaling, which is linked to improved survival, particularly in HPV positive patients.

Mesinovic et al. use AI foundation models to implement heart disease screening in people living with HIV in Vietnam, relying on low-cost wearable sensors. This approach achieves promising discriminative ability and requires only lightweight local training, potentially enabling affordable screening in resource-limited clinics.

Rullman et al. explore skeletal muscle gene-expression in patients with severe heart failure. They identify upregulation of p53 signaling, a process linked to aging and cell damage to be associated with mortality, highlighting the need to separate inactivity effects from disease-specific changes and cell-cycle control as a disease mechanism.