Research articles

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Oxygen vacancy defects, crucial to properties such as conductivity and thermal expansion, exhibited unique temperature dependence when cation mixing distorts the lattice, creating an energetic distribution of vacancy sites.

The transcriptome and proteome provide complementary information about the cellular phenotype, state and function. Here, the authors introduce SPARO, a method that enables simultaneous profiling of cell type-specific transcriptomes and proteomes in vitro and in vivo by leveraging TurboID-based biotinylation of RNA-interacting cytosolic proteins to enrich both proteins and associated RNAs.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Widely used, effective methods to prevent adhesions after digit flexor tendon injury are lacking. Here, authors develop a bioresorbable, supramolecular hydrogel as a lubricating barrier to preserve tendon biomechanics and improve functional recovery.

Iontronic drug delivery is limited to small, charged molecules. Here the authors couple iontronic transport with bio-orthogonal click-to-release chemistry to unlock electrically controlled activation of drugs and proteins beyond size and charge limits.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immunotherapy have improved outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), yet resistance persists. This group presents single-cell transcriptomic profiling of aRCC patients treated with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, uncovering an immunosuppressive microenvironment linked to therapeutic resistance.

To prepare for DNA replication, a short region of DNA base-pairs must be broken, termed melting, allowing a helicase to gain a foothold on an isolated DNA strand. Here, authors use single-particle cryo-EM to show that the melting process follows a sequential mechanism mediated by the helicase.

Using advanced MRI modeling, this study found distinct spatial and pathophysiological signatures in vascular- and neurodegeneration-related white matter hyperintensities, clarifying their interpretation using clinically translatable methods.

Here they show that expression of sulfatase modifying factors controls the precise timing of zebrafish gastrulation cell movements by regulating levels of sulfated heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans.

This study identifies an FDA-approved leukemia drug, Homoharringtonine, that can eliminate aged fat cells, improve metabolic health, reduce inflammation and extend lifespan in mice, revealing a potential approach to treat age- and obesity-related metabolic disease.

Cation identity and concentration influence electrocatalytic reactions, yet the origin remains debated. Here, the authors report a theoretical framework showing how cations modulate interfacial electrostatics and water dissociation kinetics, explaining multiple inversions of cation-dependent activity trends in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

No existing actuator technology provides biocompatible, controllable, fatigue-resistant actuation for implantable biohybrid systems. Here, the authors overcome this by engineering the myoneural biophysics of muscle, creating implantable actuators that enable sustained organ modulation.

Widespread declines in common species raise concerns, but links to extinction risk and climate change remain unclear. Here, the authors show that many small climate change effects can accumulate to drive rapid population extinction in a common iconic bird.

Researchers show that a disease-causing Tau mutation disrupts the autophagy-lysosome pathway in human neurons, leading to Tau accumulation, and that enhancing autophagy can partially restore protein clearance.

Many insects harbour bacterial endosymbionts that provide them with essential nutrients. Here, Krüsemer et al. show that introduction of a tractable bacterium into a beetle host leads to efficient vertical transmission of the bacterium and rapid elimination of the host’s native symbiont, thus establishing a model system to study symbiont loss and replacement.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

ATP-binding cassette transporters use ATP to move peptides across membranes, but how ATP binding drives transport is unclear. Here, authors visualize single transport events and show that ATP binding alone triggers peptide translocation via a conformational switch.

Unlike animals, plant possess mitochondria and chloroplasts and exhibit a unique defensive adaptation to stress. Here, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of restoring organelle interaction network homeostasis in animal cells by introducing plant-derived photosynthetic systems.