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The authors present Lock-in-SIM, an open-access method for high-fidelity background-suppressed SIM reconstruction, which enables live-cell investigation of intraorganellar ultrastructures, including ER– lysosome interactions and mitochondria-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Phylodynamic modelling shows how the changing antibiotic landscape and genetic determinants of resistance shape real-world gonococcal dynamics. Experiments validated that determinants with identical resistance phenotype differed in impact on fitness.

A dual-branch framework that disentangles cell states from drug-induced regulatory shifts to predict transcriptional responses is presented. It captures nonlinear dose–time dynamics and excels in generalizing to unseen cellular contexts.

In statistical physics, systems usually become disordered at high temperatures, but some exhibit entropic order when heated, where one type of ordering enables greater fluctuations in another. Here the authors show how this type of order can persist to arbitrarily high temperature in simple classical and quantum many-body models.

Excessive antimicrobial use can increase the threat of antimicrobial resistance; however, how such use is embedded in global trade is still unclear. Authors here estimate global livestock antimicrobial footprints through global supply chains to better understand and manage antimicrobial use.

An enduring challenge with mathematical modelling is selecting between multiple models with similar prediction accuracy. Here, authors propose a method for estimating how accuracy is maintained across replication experiments, thus allowing for more robust comparisons between models fitted to data.

Quantifying rapid and small cellular forces is a major challenge in mechanobiology. Here, the authors show a >2-fold spatially and >10-fold temporally force sampling improvement combining traction force microscopy with total internal reflection fluorescence super-resolution structured illumination microscopy.

Bruijns et al. present a modeling tool that enables the tracking of learning dynamics across subjects to reveal how behaviors emerge and adapt. Applying the tool to a decision-making task in mice uncovers similarities and differences across individuals.

Enhanced axial resolution for 3D SIM is achieved with deep learning or four-beam interference.

A histology-informed, diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging simulation framework improves the non-invasive assessment of cancer biology in solid tumours in vivo

In this study, Dahmane et al use a method called cryo-electron tomography to uncover new details of how tick-borne flaviviruses transform cells into virus factories.

Aadvanced computer simulations of three-dimensional turbulence reveal that the ab initio generation of large-scale magnetic fields is driven by shear-flow-induced jets; an analytical model is derived which reproduces the essential features of the flow- and field-generation mechanisms.

Omnivores like bears can switch between plant and animal diets, potentially helping them respond to changing conditions. By combining modern and fossil data, this study shows that bears shift toward carnivory in harsher climates and toward herbivory in more productive environments.

Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.

The timing of respiratory syncytial virus seasonal epidemic peaks in Japan shifted in 2016-17. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to evaluate the hypothesis that this change in timing may be due to an increase in use of childcare facilities following a policy change

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

This article presents structured illumination microscopy in deep tissue. With minor modifications to a two-photon microscope, the authors overcome scattering in dense biological samples, achieving 150 nm lateral resolution in depths down to 70 μm.

In social settings, people need to establish how much they contribute to shared outcomes. Here, the authors show that people strategically alter their actions to establish their level of control and identify neural activity underlying this process.

Tests of the predictions of the renormalization group in biological experiments have not yet been decisive. Now, a study on the collective dynamics of insect swarms provides a long-sought match between experiment and theory.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Fractional Chern insulators have been observed in moiré MoTe₂ at zero magnetic field, but the expected zero longitudinal resistance has not been demonstrated. Now it is shown that improving device quality allows this effect to appear.

An architecture inspired by Hopfield networks based on a programmable, stable, room-temperature optoelectronic oscillator-based photonics Ising machine is introduced that can be used to efficiently address optimization and combinatorics problems.

This work introduces a bilevel optimization framework that discovers optimal reward functions for embodied reinforcement learning agents through a mechanism called regret minimization. The approach accelerates policy optimization and enhances adaptability across diverse tasks.

Diffusion models excel at molecular generation. Here, authors present SiMGen, a complementary local similarity-based approach. SiMGen offers more control over the generation process and can guide existing models to generate specific fragments.

Climate-crop models are important tools for guiding investments and exploring adaptation strategies in climate-resilient agriculture. Here, the authors expand climate-crop model applications for 19 African opportunity crops, including cereals, legumes, oilseeds, roots/tubers, and vegetables.

High-resolution geospatial mapping found that the annual incidence of cholera shifted from western to central and eastern Africa between 2011 and 2020, with the latter regions more likely to report cholera in 2022–2023, reflecting instability in cholera burden patterns that can impact progress in disease control.

Neural variability is a ubiquitous brain feature, but its functional role remains unclear. Here the authors show that neural variability observed in the human prefrontal cortex through fMRI accounts for how the brain produces efficient adaptive behavior in uncertain and changing environments.

This study introduces a sediment-based method to reconstruct Antarctic fast-ice change during the late Holocene, revealing cyclic patterns linked to solar variability and offering insight into long-term cryosphere climate dynamics.

Language is often thought to be represented through hierarchically structured units. Nielsen and Christiansen find that non-hierarchical structures are present across reaction-time tasks, eye-tracked reading and natural conversation.

Calcium imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons while mice learn a reward-based task over several weeks provides insight into the evolution of the hippocampal reward representation during extended periods of experience.

The nuclear clock transition of ^229mTh in ²²⁹Th:CaF₂ crystals is characterized as a function of doping concentration, temperature and time, demonstrating high reproducibility and identifying ideal operating characteristics of these crystals as nuclear clocks.

Hole spin qubits in germanium have seen significant advancements, though improving control and noise resilience remains a key challenge. Here, the authors realize a dressed singlet-triplet qubit in germanium, achieving frequency-modulated high-fidelity control and a tenfold increase in coherence time.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering interferometry reveals a highly entangled electronic phase in Nd₂Ir₂O₇, enabling extraction of its entanglement structure and confirming the cubic-symmetry-breaking order predicted from complementary Raman spectroscopy.

popEVE is a proteome-wide deep generative model to identify and predict pathogenicity of missense mutations causing genetic disorders.

This study analyses radio observations of the jet in galaxy M87, from which the existence of a spinning black hole that induces Lense–Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk is inferred.

The authors mapped spontaneous and choice activity across mouse prefrontal cortex. The activity maps aligned with intrinsic connectivity rather than anatomical subregions, suggesting that connectivity, not cytoarchitecture, organizes prefrontal function.

Data leakage undermines the reliability of machine learning model evaluations, particularly in biological data. Here, they present a data splitting approach that minimizes information leakage and enables more accurate assessment of model performance on out-of-distribution data.

Using a bacteriophage infection model that allows physical separation between growth and mutagenesis, this study provides support for the natural selection of random mutations as a basis for adaptation to stress.

Here, the authors analyze the microbiome composition and resistome pre-, during- and post-antibiotic exposure in Malawian adults, and find that commonly used antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, exert strong off-target effects, both increasing abundance of opportunistic pathogens and the prevalence of a wide number of antibiotic resistance genes.

Like cells in a body, social insects cooperate to maintain colony health. This study reveals that ants have evolved a chemical signalling system that alerts nestmates when their own immunity is insufficient to overcome infection, enabling efficient colony-level disease defence.

Metagenomes from prairie soils in Kansas, USA, show how historical exposure to water stress impacts soil microorganisms and subsequently drought responses in plants.

A combination of scanning probe microscopy and quantum sensing is used to investigate changes in water structure under confinement. A liquid–solid phase transition is observed in thin films of water below a confinement size of 2 nm at ambient temperature.

The study shows that time-dependent diffusion MRI detects subtle axonal changes in brain injury by identifying structural signatures of diffusive dynamics of water along axons, bridging cellular-level alterations with millimeter-scale imaging.

The extent to which in-vitro cellular experiments are effective models for complex biology underlying human phenotypes is often unclear. Here the authors propose and implement a framework using gene perturbation data to evaluate in-vitro models.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.