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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Whether dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission can vary by the anatomical location of striatopallidal synapses in the GPe (external globus pallidus) is not fully understood. Here authors demonstrate that dopamine fine-tunes striatopallidal synaptic transmission by acting on presynaptic D2 and postsynaptic D4 receptors across subregions of the GPe. In addition, dopamine depletion reshapes this modulation in the opposite direction.

Despite the technological advancements in optical metasurfaces, the integration of multiple functions with a single device is challenging. Here, authors propose a multifunctional metasurface based on engineered structural disorder, demonstrating a broadband metalens with scalable aperture and metasurface-based detection of optical topological textures.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The functional impact of most missense variants remains unknown. Here the authors perform deep mutational scanning of the tumor suppressor SMARCB1 and find missense mutations that retain detectable protein expression but disrupt function similar to protein-null mutations

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

This study identifies an FDA-approved leukemia drug, Homoharringtonine, that can eliminate aged fat cells, improve metabolic health, reduce inflammation and extend lifespan in mice, revealing a potential approach to treat age- and obesity-related metabolic disease.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

Germ cell tumours are a complex and heterogenous type of tumour which are difficult to classify using biomarkers. Here, the authors use PhIP-seq to develop an immunosignature panel for classification.

Particle processing plays a critical role in advancing solid state batteries. Here, authors show how solvent-free mechanofusion enables mixed conducting matrix coatings on cathode particles and relate coating quality to macroscopic mixing stresses for scalable solid state battery manufacturing.

Emerging multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health threat in the treatment of gonorrhoea. This study reports the discovery and characterization of a promising antigonorrhoea agent that addresses antibiotic resistance.

The weak contact between the oxide electrode and molecular layer in inverted perovskite solar cells is prone to deformation, limiting long-term device stability. A bulk nano-heterointerface is designed to strengthen the binding force between molecules and spherical silicon oxide nanoparticles, increasing the interfacial contact area and improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a complex condition with varied definitions. Using unbiased clustering, the study identifies two distinct subtypes with markedly different 30-day mortality risks and highlights key determinants.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Elucidating the dynamics of non-equilibrium orders remains a challenge. Here, the authors show that time-varying electrostatic interactions drive confined alginate hydrogels to self-organize into tunable, hexagonally ordered lattices.

Melanocytic nevi are small, pigmented benign skin tumours. This large-scale genome-wide association study for nevus count identifies novel genomic regions, highlighting pathways beyond pigmentation and offers new insights into melanoma risk and biology.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

An improved strategy for siting food and energy production is needed to avoid further habitat loss. This paper presents a multi-sector framework that can empower land use planners to find synergies across conservation and development sectors.

Linker histone proteins (H1) play a key role in chromatin regulation, but their behavior in crowded nucleosome environments is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that different H1 variants bind and connect multiple nucleosomes in diverse ways, supporting dynamic chromatin organization.

3D seismic image reveals inward dipping volcano stratigraphy down to magma reservoir at Axial volcano, SE Pacific, caused by emptying of magma reservoir. It also shows injected melt sills within the stratigraphy, indicating that the upper crust is formed by melt sill lava flow interaction.

Biophotoelectrocatalysis-driven oxyfunctionalization of C–H bonds is often hampered by unselective photoelectrochemical water oxidation and the generation of peroxygenase-deactivating hydroxyl radicals. Here a bicarbonate redox mediator redirects water oxidation from a direct pathway to an indirect pathway for H₂O₂ formation that avoids radical stress, enabling robust oxygenative biosynthesis.

Genome-wide analysis coupled with long-read sequencing identifies a repeat expansion in GOLGA8A associated with high risk for atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

A national classification system of wetland hydrologic connectivity to streams, which could be applied globally, demonstrates and advances current understanding of how wetland connectivity affects surface water quality.

INSTALL overcomes fundamental challenges for DNA delivery and integration methods by synergizing immune-stealth nucleic acids with recombinases to enable kilobase-scale integration strategies without viral vectors.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

Here the authors report that intestinal interleukin-22 promotes GLP-1 production through STAT3 signaling in male mice. This mechanism improves glucose regulation in diet-induced obesity and provides insight into the role of IL-22–GLP-1 signaling in metabolic regulation.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

This study shows that the Cantor alloy (CoCrFeNiMn), inert to hydrogen at room temperature, forms a stoichiometric hydride under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions, supported by X-ray, neutron diffraction, and ab initio calculations.

Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes suffer from chemomechanical degradation, and current mitigation methods require complex syntheses. Here the researchers show that simple control of LiOH melting produces uniform microstructures that stabilize the cathodes without doping or coatings.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges antibody therapeutics, but glycan-masked antigens enable isolation of class 3 monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize diverse Omicron variants and reveal cross-reactive epitopes.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.