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Using a non-human primate model, the authors identified the tissue sites of initial viral rebound after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, demonstrating that such rebound preferentially occurs in the gastrointestinal tract-associated lymphoid tissues.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

An autonomous method discovers reinforcement learning rules from the cumulative experiences of a population of agents across a large number of complex environments, and the discovered rule achieves state-of-the-art performance on challenging benchmarks.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

TMEM65 drives Na + -dependent mitochondrial Ca²⁺ efflux, independently of NCLX. Its dysfunction causes increased sensitivity to mild stress and links mitochondrial Ca²⁺ overload to degeneration.

Previous work has attempted to influence people’s decision-making processes based on qualitative psychological principles. Here, in a competition between academic teams, the authors show that quantitative behavioral models can achieve this goal more effectively.

Why workers in social insect colonies sometimes reproduce remains puzzling. Ge et al. identify two compounds: Z9-C29 and Z9-C31, acting as common colony cues triggering ovary activation in bumble bee workers in a threshold-dependent way, revealing the swarm intelligence of reproduction.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Mitochondria contribute to metabolic adaptation in cells exposed to environmental challenges. Here, the authors identify a signaling cascade that regulates the lifespan of mitochondrial mutant animals grown on distinct diets.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Here, the authors structurally and biochemically characterise the YcfA-YcfC enzyme system, crucial for biosynthesis of the anticancer and antimicrobial agent 6-thioguanine.

By integrating a ribo-seq dataset of 195 individuals with RNA-seq and proteomics data from the same cohort, researchers found prevalent post-transcriptional attenuation of eQTL effects and identified omic-specific QTLs associated with schizophrenia.

High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles, self-supporting HEA aerogels and HEA coatings with up to 11 metal elements and uniform elemental distributions have been synthesized at subzero temperatures using a bilayer ice recrystallization method. The process is observed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy and fused multimodal electron tomography.

Melanoma cells lacking SOX10 are tolerant to MAPK inhibition (MAPKi) due to elevated TAZ-driven TEAD signaling. Here, the authors develop two inhibitors of TEAD, capable of resensitising SOX10 knockout melanoma cells to MAPKi and offering a strategy to overcome drug tolerance and improve treatment response.

The thyroid plays an important role in pregnancy and body temperature maintenance, and both ambient temperature and thyrotropin levels have been reported to associate with risk of preterm birth. Here the authors report that in a nationwide cohort from China biothermal stress during each trimester was associated with increased risks of preterm birth, with synergistic interactions with preconceptional thyrotropin abnormalities.

A rhynchocephalian skeleton around 3–7 million years older than the oldest currently known lepidosaur fossil provides important insight into the origin of lizards and snakes.

A cave art scene at Leang Karampuang, Indonesia, dated to at least 51,200 years ago using laser-ablation uranium-series imaging, depicts human-like figures interacting with a pig.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

A major earthquake on the Hayward Fault could slash hospital capacity and severely disrupt access to care. This study shows how combined hospital and road damage could isolate communities and delay treatment across the San Francisco Bay Area.

This study presents a programmable mRNA nanomedicine that induces tumour-specific immunogenic cell death in immunologically cold and metastatic tumours with enhanced safety, advancing next-generation strategies for personalized cancer immunotherapy

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Multi-component reactions allow complex structures to be rapidly built from simple starting materials. Here, the authors report an enantioselective three-component coupling of imines, enamines and aryldiazoacetates catalysed by a phosphinic acid and palladium(II).

How the brain adapts to rising working memory demands remains unclear. Here, the authors show that entorhinal cortex power features contributed more under medium-to-high loads than hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex, serving as a bridge between these regions.

Estimating confidence in the decision making ability of others is important for cooperative behaviour. Here the authors combine computational modelling and fMRI to investigate how the brain supports this process.

A significant challenge in modern drug development is the comprehensive profiling of covalent inhibitors. Here, the authors develop COOKIE-Pro, an unbiased method for quantifying the binding kinetics of irreversible covalent inhibitors on a proteome-wide scale.

A family of regulators named Catalytic Core Regulators (CCRs) oversees the function of the 20S proteasome. Here, the authors show that CCRs function through an allosteric mechanism, coupling the physical binding of the PSMB4 β-subunit with attenuation of the proteasome three proteolytic activities.

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) critically regulates tau levels and aggregation by phosphorylating tau’s tyrosine 29. Partial inhibition of TYK2 mitigates tau pathologies in cells and mice, highlighting TYK2 as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies.

Binding of virus, HIV-1, to cellular protein Siglec-1 is important for infection of immune cells. Here the authors show that a natural mutation leading to production of truncated Siglec-1 reduces HIV binding and infectivity transfer in vitro, but does not substantially affect infection or AIDS outcome in patients.

Although the common genetic variants contributing to blood lipid levels have been studied, the contribution of rare variants is less understood. Here, the authors perform a rare coding and noncoding variant association study of blood lipid levels using whole genome sequencing data.

Disorder leads to localization of electrons at low temperatures, changing metals to insulators. In a superconductor the electrons are paired up, and scanning tunnelling microscopy shows that the pairs localize together rather than breaking up and forming localized single electrons in the insulating state.

Excitatory neurons in the neocortex exhibit considerable morphological diversity, yet their organizational principles remain a subject of ongoing research. Here, the authors use unsupervised learning to show that most excitatory neuron morphologies in the mouse visual cortex form a continuum, with notable exceptions in deeper layers.

Qudits can encode a richer class of topologically ordered states, which are promising for quantum information, but experimental realizations have been limited to qubits. Here, the authors report a study of a qutrit toric code on a trapped-ion quantum computer.

The war on Ukraine has reduced Russia’s ability to export its natural gas, notably to the European market. Under any future strategy, Russia struggles to regain pre-crisis gas export levels, with its success partly contingent on China’s gas supply strategy.

Neural Decomposition (NEURD) is a software package that decomposes neuronal data from high-resolution electron microscopy volumes into feature-rich graph representations to facilitate analysis for neuroscience research.

In this phase 1 trial, Hegde et al. treat 13 individuals with advanced sarcoma with lymphodepletion followed by HER2-specific CAR T cells, which were found to be safe and showed antitumor activity.

A study describes the design of de novo ligand-binding transmembrane proteins, demonstrating their specific binding and activation of fluorogenic ligands.

Van der Waals materials can exhibit strong coupling between the lattice and other degrees of freedom. Here, Ergeçen et al reveal the presence of bound states emerging from the strong interaction between the lattice vibrations and d-orbitals in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS₃.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

It is challenging to analyse chromosomal rearrangements in heterogeneous solid cancers. Here the authors present HiDENSEC, a method to jointly infer absolute copy number, ploidy, tumor purity and large-scale rearrangements from Hi-C data. The increased statistical power afforded by joint inference enables novel insights into cancer genome evolution.

Characterisation of quantum operations is fundamental in quantum technologies - quantum computing in particular - but there’s currently no reliably efficient method to assess mid-circuit measurements, which are a key component for subfields like quantum error correction. Here, the authors fill this gap, integrating MCMs into the framework of randomized benchmarking.

Interpreting the significance of putative splice-altering variants outside canonical splice sites remains challenging. Here, the authors describe ParSE-seq, a high-throughput assay to annotate the effect of germline variants on RNA-splicing. They calibrate the assay and deploy it to study hundreds of variants in the arrhythmia-associated gene SCN5A.