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Although river protection is core to social and environmental well-being, the extent to which river conservation policies are effective is difficult to assess. This study reveals that, under all relevant protection mechanisms in the contiguous USA, only 12% of rivers are adequately protected.

Increasing autocratization globally threatens academic freedoms and scientific integrity, undermining core assumptions of sustainability science and environmental policymaking. To stay relevant, sustainability scientists and environmentalists must change how we work and ally with those defending academic freedom.

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the deep Northwest Atlantic was only about 2 °C colder than today, suggesting sustained production of relatively warm North Atlantic Deep Water during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Using cold-water corals, this work identifies a deep outflow of Pacific waters via the Tasman Sea during the last ice age, thus highlighting the role of this area for the interoceanic exchange of water masses on climatic time scales.

How did a mud volcano come to destroy an Indonesian town? David Cyranoski reports from Sidoarjo.

Inland waters emit greenhouse gases, but robust estimations are hampered by a dearth of spatio-temporally resolved measurements. Here the authors present annual fluxes of CO₂ from Chinese inland waters over the past several decades, showing that emission fluxes have significantly declined since the 80s.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia produces the neurotoxin domoic acid, known to cause illness and death in marine mammals and humans. Measurements of surface- and deep-water domoic acid concentrations off the coast of California suggest that this toxin is rapidly transported to depth following diatom blooms.

An analysis of regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO₂ and gas transfer velocity yields a global CO₂ evasion rate of 2.1 × 10¹⁵ grams of carbon per year, which is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger contribution from streams and rivers.

Natural petroleum seepage emits large volumes of oil and methane to the oceans every year, accompanied by the formation of asphalt volcanoes on the sea floor. The discovery of seven asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California may help to explain high methane emissions recorded during the late Pleistocene.

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

Agricultural runoff adds sulfate to Florida wetlands, which increases production of toxic methylmercury at moderate sulfate concentrations that is assimilated in fish. The study helps predict wetland responses to management and climate variables.

Using cryogenic electron microscopy and a modelling approach, complex water networks in a ribozyme are visualized.

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are causing ocean acidification, compromising the ability of some marine organisms to build and maintain support structures. An analysis of mussels from a submarine volcano setting with natural low-pH conditions shows low shell thicknesses and growth rates, but survival over up to four decades.

Concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) decrease in the surface mixed layers during spring and summer in most of the oligotrophic ocean. The missing DIC is thought to be converted to particulate carbon by photosynthesis, but known mechanisms do not seem to supply enough nutrients for the photosynthesis. Here it is shown that short-lived transport events connect deep-water nitrate stocks with nutrient-poor surface waters.

The recent rapid increase in mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet is primarily attributed to an acceleration of outlet glaciers. Oceanographic data obtained in summer 2008 show that subtropical waters that reside year-round in the shelf ocean off Greenland continuously enter a large glacial fjord in East Greenland and contribute to melting at the glacier terminus.

Riverine dissolved organic matter input and subsequent new particle formation is a major source of Arctic aerosol which has been largely overlooked, according to analysis of atmospheric particle number size distributions from Tiksi, Russia.

The xylosyltransferase isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 catalyze the first glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Now, bump-and-hole engineering of XT1 and XT2 enables substrate profiling and modification of proteins as designer proteoglycans to modulate cellular behavior.

Submarine melting has been suggested as a trigger for the widespread acceleration of tidewater glaciers in Greenland. An analysis of oceanographic data from the fjord off Helheim Glacier, Greenland, suggests the presence of light Arctic and dense Atlantic waters in the fjord and that the melting circulation is more complex than thought.

Albumin selectively inhibits Mucorales growth through the release of bound free fatty acids.

North Atlantic Deep Water formation was only moderately weaker than it is now during the last glacial period, even when freshwater inputs were high, according to an analysis of independent proxy records.

In this work, the authors show that the essential Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein P116 enables cholesterol acquisition from lipoproteins and various cell types. An antibody against its C-terminal domain inhibits lipid acquisition, growth, and plaque binding, linking M. pneumoniae to atherosclerotic lipid-rich tissue.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

Seasonal variation in K isotopes of rivers that drain the Chinese Loess Plateau indicates that riverine K isotopes can trace changes in silicate weathering intensity over time, offering a tool to track Earth’s climate–rock interactions.

The GroEL/ES chaperonin can act during protein synthesis to promote folding. Here, Roeselová et al. show how GroEL captures, remodels and sequesters nascent proteins in its central chamber, while they remain tethered to the ribosome.

In situ carbon dioxide enrichment experiments show that ocean acidification poses a threat to coral reefs by reducing the saturation state of aragonite and the concentration of carbonate ions and that this impairs community calcification.

Here they demonstrate a therapeutic intervention elevating levels of CYP450-derived lipids to control the expansion of intermediate monocytes in tissue and peripheral blood, presenting a first in class therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory disease.

Comparative genomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry reveal the biosynthetic gene clusters, and vast chemical diversity of natural products that they encode, in Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, bacteria that interact with hosts as symbionts and entomopathogens.

A strategy for isolating Escherichia coli ribosome–nascent chain complexes and analyzing their conformational dynamics and interactors at peptide level using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry is presented.

Enhanced protection is needed for freshwater bodies in the United States — in particular impermanent streams and wetlands outside floodplains — according to an assessment of their value and vulnerability.

An algorithm for proteoform identification with top-down mass spectra is proposed, and a pipeline is developed for generating simulated top-down spectra on the basis of input protein sequences with modifications.

In mice, a SPOCD1–TPR-dependent ‘nowhere-to-hide’ mechanism is required for complete non-stochastic piRNA-directed LINE1 DNA methylation by preventing transposons from escaping surveillance within heterochromatin.

By performing a CAR-adapted base-editing screen of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ, PIK3CD), Bucher et al. identify mutations affecting endogenous PI3K–AKT signaling that enhances CAR T cell antitumor potency.

This study shows that changes in ocean gateways near the end of the Mesozoic (~66 Ma) altered global ocean salinity and circulation, reshaping climate patterns through combined reconfigurations in the Arctic and Central American regions.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet responded to different natural forcing mechanisms than the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the mid-Pliocene due to a greater sensitivity to oceanic feedbacks, according to iceberg-rafted debris records and ice-sheet modelling experiments.

The authors use long-term satellite tracking to project climate-induced shifts in whale shark distributions and understand their potential future risk of ship-strike. Under high-emission scenarios, the movement of sharks to current range-edge habitat is linked to 15,000-fold increased co-occurrence with ships.