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This study marks the spatial cell atlas of Toxocara canis neuroinvasion in mice, which reveals microenvironment of host-parasite interactions and offers insights into helminth-induced neurological dysfunction and chronic neurological disorders.

The immune mechanism of radioresistance in cancer patients remains to be explored. The authors here show that CXCL13 is upregulated in tumor regions upon radiation, which recruits immune suppressive CXCR5⁺ monocytes. Blocking CXCR5/CXCL13 interactions facilitate tumor control following radiation.

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

DGAT1 controls sex-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses in tumours, reducing mitochondrial function and tumour control in female mice, but protecting against oxidative stress and tumour growth in male mice through androgen receptor signalling.

Chen et al. identify that the extreme C-terminal region of Sororin directly locks the cohesin DNA-exit gate to stabilize sister-chromatid cohesion, a mechanism distinct from its established role in antagonizing Wapl binding to Pds5.

Reverse oxygen spillover (ROS), the migration of oxygen from the support to noble metal sites, is a key metal–support interaction governing Pt/TiO₂ catalytic performance. Here, the authors reveal a Pt particle size–dependent ROS effect in Pt/Sn₀.₂Ti₀.₈O₂ catalysts using in situ characterizations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.

Hodgson, Huang, Lang et al. show that TDP-43 limits ribonucleoprotein particle condensation into paraspeckles in a concentration- and polymerization-dependent manner. They also link paraspeckle condensation to stress response and neuroprotection.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Here they identify a functional Thyroid Hormone protein precursor in ascidian, named ScTG-like, and detected the follicle-like structure for TH synthesis. These findings suggest TG-like proteins are conserved in bilaterians, providing insight into the evolution of TH synthesis.

An iontronic electricity generator is developed based on intrinsic asymmetric interfaces and controllable energy release, which achieves giant power generation through reversible electron-coupled ion oscillation at interfaces.

This study shows that temporal interference stimulation of the entorhinal cortex can enhance path integration abilities of human, with stimulation at left and right hemisphere enhancing different aspects of spatial cognition.

Zinc affinity plays a key role in the zinc plating and stripping processes but its internal mechanism is still unclear. Here, the authors report a protective layer with controllable zinc affinity by adjusting the crystal orientation to suppress the dendrite growth on the zinc anode interface.

Engineering catalyst interfaces plays a key role in designing supported metal systems. Here, the authors report that Ni nanoparticles redisperse from SiO₂ to molybdenum carbide, forming dual interfaces that enhance tandem CO₂ hydrogenation.

Two-dimensional perovskite solar cells have been engineered to be robust against moisture, high temperatures and light stress.

Ni-rich cathodes in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries suffer from severe interfacial degradation. Here, authors apply an ultrathin conductive lithium borate glass coating via a simple dry process, which enables improved long-term cycling, a high areal capacity, and high-energy pouch cells.

Optimizing the crystallization of the active materials in organic solar cells is challenging. Fu et al. use an acenaphthene additive to induce a two-step crystallization of the non-fullerene acceptor, achieving a certified 20.5% power conversion efficiency.

Continental drift of the North China Block from a tropical to subtropical arid zone contributed to aridification of North China between 290 and 280 Ma and delineated the wet-dry boundary across the Tethys Ocean, according to paleomagnetic data.

The mechanisms underlying immunerelated adverse events (irAEs) following the combination of chemoradiotherapy with immunotherapy remain to be characterized. Here, single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics on locally advanced cervical cancer patients identifies distinct effects on different immune cells associated with irAEs.

An ion-electron conversion-enhanced moisture energy harvester is developed, achieving performance improvements with 9.2 mA cm⁻² and 6.7 W m⁻². This harvester demonstrates potential for off-grid energy supply and miniaturized flexible electronics

Despite being essential to many applications in quantum science, entanglement can be easily disrupted by decoherence. A protocol based on repetitive quantum error correction now demonstrates enhanced coherence times of entangled logical qubits.

Acidic electrochemical CO₂ conversion is a promising alternative to overcome low CO₂ utilization. Here, the authors report a robust carbon coated tip-like In₂O₃ electrocatalyst that demonstrates an enhanced activity for the direct production of HCOOH in a strongly acidic and low K⁺ electrolyte.

The authors use human SEEG recordings during a virtual escape task to identify roles for cognitive and reactive fear circuits in threat evaluation and escape decisions, respectively. They further uncover Theta-band flow from the amygdala to the vmPFC during rapid attacks.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

The fate of the Indian plate during collision with Asia is debated. Seismic images of the western Himalaya reveal large-scale thrust faults that transfer Indian crust upwards, into the overriding Asian plate.

The astronomical time scale is an essential geochronological tool, but is presently limited to the Cenozoic and Mesozoic eras. Here, Wuet al.time-calibrate Milankovitch cycles identified in strata from South China and extend this essential tool into the late Permian.

Previous study showed Zishen Yutai Pill improved pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization. This study showed that Zishen Yutai Pill increased live birth rates in women aged 35–42 undergoing IVF.

Wan, J. Shi, M. Shi, Huang et al. report a role for lactate dehydrogenase B in regulating CD8⁺ T cell disulfidptosis and exhaustion through the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thereby impacting the efficacy of antitumour immunity.

Modulation of random heteropolymers results in globular polymer clusters with catalytic activity mimicking proteins.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

PD-L2 can bind the immune checkpoint PD-1. However, its potential as a therapeutic target for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer has not been extensively explored. Here, the authors demonstrate that αPD-L2 is effective in aged, but not young, melanoma murine models.

In this work, authors present their goal-directed subgroup identification (GD-SI) framework, reconciling biological heterogeneity with clinical actionability, and offering a scalable infrastructure for precision trial design and personalized sepsis management.

Oxygen evolution reaction is crucial in renewable energy conversion technologies. Here the authors report rough arrays of Fe and F co-doped CoO nanoneedles that highlight a conceptual strategy of coupling lattice oxygen activation and local electric field for industrial water oxidation applications.

Introducing cosolvent is a common approach in aqueous zinc metal batteries but lack of direct visualization of dynamic interface during Zn-plating/stripping makes mechanistic understanding difficult. Here, authors decouple the interfacial evolution at molecular level and decipher multi-dimensional mechanisms experimentally and theoretically.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.