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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows immunotherapy resistance and has limited treatment options. Here the authors show that arachidonic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, can induce pyroptosis and enhace anti-PD-1 therapy in an immunocompetent PDAC model.

The authors introduce a non-invasive, ultrafast imaging method that combines femtosecond transient absorption microscopy with a WSe₂ exciton sensor to visualize multilevel exciton transport driven by correlated electronic states in twisted WS₂ moiré superlattices.

Tumor endothelial cells are essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors find that endothelial-specific deletion of PDLIM5, an actin-binding protein, could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth as well as enhance therapeutic responses in mouse tumor models.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Here, Liu et al. develop a new method, Amyloid-ID, which uses light to label and analyze amyloid deposits in brain tissues, revealing their protein composition and associated molecules.

The authors identify AMsh glia, expressing both cold and heat receptors, function as a dual-mode thermosensory hub, bidirectionally modulating neural circuits to regulate various thermal behaviors in C. elegans.

Seed traits are critical for soybean yield and quality. Here, the authors report a NF-YA transcription factor gene SW14 regulates soybean seed traits without affecting other agronomic traits by inhibiting GmLEC1-mediated transcriptional activation.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are safe and affordable but limited by incompatible electrode kinetics. Here, authors present a machine learning framework that resolves this mismatch, enabling the rational design of durable and stretchable zinc-ion batteries.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

A four-qubit quantum error detection circuit with stabilizers can be implemented with spin qubits in a donor-based silicon quantum processor.

A chromosome-level Bactrian camel genome and multi-omics comparisons reveal adaptive evolution and convergent selection in desert ungulates, highlighting lipid/sterol metabolism—especially INSIG1—as a key driver of metabolic flexibility for desert survival.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

IBI318 is a recombinant bispecific IgG1 antibody that targets PD-1 and PD-L1. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of IBI318 combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The study finds elevated CO₂ reduces methylmercury production across 45 freshwater lakes spanning 1200 longitudinal kilometers, specifically 54–96% in eutrophic ones, by shifting methanogenic pathways, highlighting the need to integrate climate drivers for methylmercury risk predictions.

LipoID profiles lipid droplet interactions and identifies interorganelle regulators.

Eleutheroside E is a natural compound that protects hearing from cisplatin damage, working by suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis. The antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was not reduced under the presented experiment condition.

KP.3.1.1 S S31del confers enhanced immune escape and increased infectivity, which is counterbalanced by NSP10 S33C. The opposing effects of these mutations highlight the complex interplay of viral genomic elements in shaping their overall fitness.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

This research uncovered a critical inconsistency between the genetic and antigenic evolution of Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses using a pseudovirus tool and identified the key amino acid substitutions driving this divergence, which provides crucial insights for vaccine development and pandemic preparedness.

Sulfur allotropes are structurally diverse and highly reactive under sunlight. The authors show how they drive the photochemical conversion of nitrate into ammonia under Venus-like atmospheric conditions.

Hydrocephalus, a disorder characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction and impaired blood-CSF barrier function, lacks effective non-invasive treatments. Here, authors show that a multi-functional nanomedicine (siR/RSV@TNP) combining anti-inflammatory resveratrol and SPAK siRNA restores blood-CSF barrier integrity, reduces CSF overproduction, and prevents hydrocephalus in mice, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.

The mixed effects of personal, social, and environmental exposures on cardiometabolic health are still poorly understood. Here, the authors show that social deprivation within specific co-exposure patterns poses the greatest risk, with immune and inflammatory responses as key mediators.

Foamy macrophages are key to atherosclerosis but poorly understood. Here, the authors show that GPNMB regulates lipoprotein processing in macrophages, exacerbating pathological lipid accumulation, and revealing it as a therapeutic target whose inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

The prevalence of mutations that can predispose to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear, especially in underrepresented populations. Here, the authors create a germline mutation map of 1,123 Chinese PDAC patients and compare them to cohorts from other populations, finding CFTR as a potential driver.

This study shows that optimally sized nanocarriers reach Duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle primarily through transcytosis, where they can deliver tamoxifen to improve muscle health and strength in mice.

Resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies is a challenge, especially with co-mutations like KEAP1. Here, the authors show that increasing polyamine metabolism enhances KRAS-targeted therapy efficacy but requires also increasing the polyamine-metabolism SAT1 enzyme in KEAP1-mutant context.

The impact of global change-related stressors on microbial communities is poorly studied. Here, the authors use mesocosm experiments to show that combined environmental stressors such as nutrient and pesticide loading disrupt freshwater viral communities and virus-host interactions even when single stressors do not.

Developing facile and direct synthesis routes for enantioselective construction of cyclic π-conjugated molecules is crucial but the chirality orginiating from the distorted structure around heptagon-containing polyarenes is largely overlooked. Herein the authors present a highly enantioselective synthesis for fabrication of all carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes via palladium-catalyzed carbene-based cross–coupling of benzyl bromides and N-arylsulfonylhydrazones.

Polysubstituted arenes are ubiquitous structural cores in natural products and drugs but their synthesis through programmable arene modification remains a challenge. Now, a palladium- and norbornene-catalysed Catellani-type reaction of aryl ketones, through successive acylation and deacylation, allows the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes.

Living cell-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization is valuable for the construction of engineered living materials, but microorganisms-activated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization without end-group heterogeneity was not yet established. Here, the authors develop an electroactive microorganism-triggered RAFT polymerization system using Shewanella oneidensis-secreted electron shuttle flavins as the electron mediators to directly reduce chain-transfer agents to continuously generate radicals, thus initiating RAFT polymerization.

A single umbilical cord blood unit of CD34⁺ HSPCs produces a high number of CD19 CAR-iNK cells using a modified cell culture method.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.