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Computational spectrometers are normally constrained by limited bandwidth and low light throughput of spectral encoders. Here, the authors report the realization of broadband snapshot spectrometers based on high-transparency transition metal dichalcogenides spectral encoders integrated with InGaAs photodetectors.

Therapeutic suppressor tRNAs are engineered to broaden their target range in vivo.

The Arctic–boreal fire regime is greatly affected by biophysical and biological feedbacks from permafrost degradation, according to long-term observations of soil active layer thickness from 1997 to 2018 and causal inference modelling.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

In this Resource paper the authors provide a multiomic single-cell atlas of mouse eosinophil heterogeneity across various organs and use fate-mapping methods to look at the dynamics of residency.

This study presents ultrasmall, bright lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles that overcome surface quenching, enabling high spatiotemporal resolution tracking of membrane proteins with exceptional photostability.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

The feasibility of adeno-associated-virus-delivered nonsense suppressor tRNAs operating on premature termination codons (AAV-NoSTOP) is explored to restore gene function, using a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I for proof of concept.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

A ternary metallic alloy VS_2xSe_2(1–x) that has a tunable work function can be grown using chemical vapour deposition and used as contacts for two-dimensional semiconductors.

Du et al. elucidate the mechanism by which Mettl1, a tRNA m⁷G methyltransferase, regulates cardiomyocyte maturation by influencing the translation of the rate-limiting ketogenesis enzyme Hmgcs2, thereby impacting cardiomyocyte fuel utilization.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile method to synthesize 2D materials, but usually requires high growth temperatures. Here, the authors report a BiOCl-assisted CVD approach to grow 2D nanosheets from 27 different layered and nonlayered materials at temperatures <500 °C, which are compatible with back-end-of-the-line industrial processes.

The analysis of behavioural patterns from standardized video recordings of infants with varying degrees of visual impairment enables, via deep learning, classification of the infants by visual-impairment severity and by ophthalmological condition.

We developed a nonlocal model using contact stiffness to integrate multiple ECM mechanical properties (including ECM stiffness, thickness, cell area, etc.), providing a quantifiable and predictive theoretical tool for cell-ECM interaction studies.

Cycloisomerization of 1,n-allenynes allows to efficiently assembly polycyclic skeletons, however its asymmetric variant remains elusive. Here, the authors report the enantioselective Rh(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-allenynes and disclose an uncommon 5-exo-dig pathway via DFT calculations.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play critical roles in human diseases. Here, the authors describe an integrated Cas12a sensor for sensing mtDNA mutations in vivo, showing potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) belongs to the α-herpesvirinae subfamily and is a sexually transmitted virus that causes genital ulcer disease. Here the authors present the 3.75 Å cryo-EM structure of the HSV-2 C-capsid with capsid-vertex-specific component and describe α-herpesvirus-specific structural features.

This study provides a comprehensive landscape of mouse T cells responses during microsporidia infection at a single-cell resolution reporting that Th1, Tfh, effector and proliferating CD8 + T cell subsets were activated and expanded upon infection.

Designing an efficient activation function for optical neural networks remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a modulator-detector-in-one graphene/silicon heterojunction ring resonators enabling on-chip reconfigurable activation function devices with phase activation capability for optical neural networks.

Development of organic electronic materials relies on understanding structure-function relationships in conjugated polymers but the synthetic workload to make large numbers of new compounds presents a practical barrier to properly survey conjugated organic derivatives. Here, the authors use automated synthesis to prepare a library of conjugated oligomers with systematically varied side chain composition followed by single-molecule characterization of charge transport.

Recently an iron catalyst was developed to catalyze an oxa-Diels-Alder reaction, whose mechanism is unclear yet. Here the authors combine DFT and molecular dynamics simulations with experimental studies to elucidate the unusual iron effect on kinetic isotope effect and dynamics in this reaction.

Here the authors show that, when phosphorylated at Tyr34, THEMIS behaves as an allosteric activator to phosphatase SHP1, ensuring appropriate negative regulation of T cell antigen receptor signaling and thus assisting in T cell maturation and expansion.

Wu et al. show that mutations of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 gene, OsFIE2, result in asexual embryo formation in rice, suggesting a critical role of the epigenetic regulation in maintaining the quiescent state of the egg apparatus.

Resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, which is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, is a major clinical challenge. Here, the authors show that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway, drives sorafenib resistance.